statistical testing

Question 1

define statistical testing

Answer 1

used to establish if a significant difference or correlation exists

Question 2

what descriptive statistics show

Answer 2

allows us to summarise quantitative data

tables, charts as well as a measure central tendency and dispersion to identify trends and analyse data

Question 3

what are the 3types of central tendency

Answer 3

mean
median
mode

Question 4

what are the 2 measures of dispersion

Answer 4

range
standard deviation

Question 5

what correlation coefficient is associated with a significant difference

Answer 5

0.8

Question 6

what 3 factors does the choosing of a statistical test depend on

Answer 6

• difference or a correlation
  ( if study is looking for a relationship/association/ done on a scatter gram = correlation
  if you can establish IV and DV will be a test for difference)
• check on experimental design
  ( unrelated design - independent groups
  related design - matched pairs, repeated measures)
• types/ levels of data
  ( ordinal, interval, nominal)

Question 7

define an alternative hypothesis

Answer 7

a hypothesis stating we expect to find a difference or a relationship

Question 8

define null hypothesis

Answer 8

states there will be no difference or correlation

Question 9

give the 3 levels of measurement

Answer 9

nominal data
ordinal data
interval data

Question 10

define nominal data

Answer 10

level of measurement where data are in seperate categories

Question 11

define ordinal data

Answer 11

level of measurement where data are ordered (e.g: highest to lowest)

IN STEM WILL REFERENCE RANK or SCALE

Question 12

if the level of measurement is ordinal what will it reference in the stem

Answer 12

scale
rank

Question 13

define interval data

Answer 13

level of measurement where units of equal intervals are used

HAS TO BE CALIBRATED/UNIVERSAL

(e.g: time, weight, height in cm)

Question 14

for the level of measurement to be interval what are you looking for in the stem

Answer 14

a calibrated/ universal measurement

Question 15

what is the probability level in psychology

Answer 15

0.05

Question 16

what is the results from conducting a statistical test called

Answer 16

the observed/ calculated value

Question 17

what are the 4 steps to finding the right critical value

Answer 17

1. pick a stats test
2. 1 or 2 tailed hypothesis
3. what P level are you testing at 0.05
4. how many participants/degrees of freedom do you have

Question 18

what does P ≤ 0.05 mean

Answer 18

less than or equal to 5% probability that the results have occurred due to chance

Question 19

what are the 2 justifications for changing the P level

Answer 19

1. the first test at 0.05 level doesn’t produce significant results

SO use a LENIENT LEVEL like 0.10

2. make it a more STRINGENT TEST at 0.01 (1%) level in DRUG trials to make sure results are due to drugs