Standard deviation
S=[(1/(n-1))SUM(X-X’)^2]
Sample mean
1/nSUM(X)
Population
Group of interest
Sample
Subset of the population
Normal distribution
Norma distribution
X’-Z_α/2(σ/(n^.5))<X’+Ζ_α/2(σ/(n^.5))
ME
(Z_(α/2)*σ)/(n^.5)
Z_(α/2) at 90% confidence
1.6449
Z_(α/2) at 95% confidence
1.9600
Z_(α/2) at 98% confidence
2.3263
Z_(α/2) at 99% confidence
2.5758
ME when μ is at low or high end
X’-μ
Sample size (n)
n = ((Z_α/2*σ)/ME)
OR
n = ((Z_α/2*σ)/(X’-μ))
Sample Correlation Coefficient
r = S_xx/((S_xx*S_yy)^.5)
Coefficient of Determination
r^2
Aka
Square of sample correlation coefficient
S_xx
SUM(xy)-(1/n)(SUM(x))(SUM(y))