Be able to recall lab policies and safety measures.
No food or drink allowed in lab. Put water bottles in the hallway.
No bikes, scooters, or skateboards in labs or hallways. Along sidewalk by greenhouse behind the building.
Broken glass goes in labeled box.
Red sharps bin (only metal sharps like blades or needles)
What is a Ho (Null Hypothesis) and give an example.
Ho – Null hypothesis: (no cause/effect relationship present in data)
Ex: “There is no significant difference in recovery times between the vitamin C group and the placebo group.”
What is a Ha (Alternative Hypothesis) and give an example.
Ha – Alternative hypothesis: (Cause/effect relationship present in data)
“There is a significant difference in recovery times between the Vitamin C group and the placebo group.”
Be able to describe an alpha value and how it relates to how confident scientists are in the results of their statistical analyses.
- Alpha value (α) - Set by the researcher
a. Probability of rejecting the null when it is actually true (False Positive).
b. Usually set at 0.05 (5% chance test will say significant when actually not).
c. p-value > α-value, fail to reject the null.
d. p-value < α-value, reject the null.
What is Type I Error?
(False Positive) - Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.
What is Type II Error?
(False Negative) - Failing to reject the null when it is actually false.
What is an independent variable?
manipulated or explanatory variable
What is an dependent variable?
measured response
- Does the amount of sunlight impact plant growth? What is the independent and dependent variables?
IV: Amount of sunlight (being manipulated)
DV: Plant Growth (Being measured at end)
Define what quantitative means.
data measured on a numeric scale
Define what a quantitative discrete means.
numeric data with a countable number of values between any two values. (whole numbers)
Define what a quantitative continuous means.
Numeric data with an infinite number of values between any two values. (rational numbers)
Define what categorical means.
data with a countable number of distinct groups
Define what categorical nominal means.
Categorical data with no clear ordering of categories
Define what categorical ordinal means.
Categorical data where there is a clear ordering in the categories
Define a correlational test.
Correlation - Test to see how strongly two quantitative variables vary with each other. (IV and DV both quantitative variables)
Define a Chi-square test.
Chi-square - Test to compare the categorical responses of two or more independent samples to see if they are from the same population. (IV: Any DV: Categorical) (More than two groups)
Define a T-Test.
T-test - Test if two samples are different from each other by some measure. (IV: Categorical and DV: Discrete/Continuous (Two groups))
Define an ANOVA test.
ANOVA - Test the variance of two or more samples around their respective means and compares how those variances differ. (IV: Categorical and DV: Quantitative (Discrete/Continuous)) (More than two groups)
