stats 2

Question 1

Scatterplot:

Answer 1

Graph showing relationship between two quantitative variables using points.

Question 2

Distribution:

Answer 2

The pattern of how data values are spread or clustered.

Question 3

Stem and Leaf:

Answer 3

Displays data by splitting numbers into stems and leaves.

Question 4

Dot Plot:

Answer 4

Dots placed above a number line to show each value.

Question 5

Histogram:

Answer 5

Bars showing frequencies of numeric intervals (bins).

Question 6

Shape of Distribution:

Answer 6

The overall form—symmetric

Question 7

Center of Distribution:

Answer 7

The typical or middle value (mean or median).

Question 8

Spread of Distribution:

Answer 8

How spread out data are (range)

Question 9

Symmetric (distribution):

Answer 9

Left and right sides mirror each other.

Question 10

Left Skew:

Answer 10

Tail extends left; mean < median.

Question 11

Right Skew:

Answer 11

Tail extends right; mean > median.

Question 12

Cumulative Frequency:

Answer 12

Running total of frequencies.

Question 13

Cumulative Distribution:

Question 14

Bivariate/Multivariate Data: Data with two or more variables.

Answer 14

Proportion or count below a given value.

Question 15

Positive Association: .

Answer 15

Both variables increase together

Question 16

Negative Association:

Answer 16

One increases while the other decreases.

Question 17

Nonlinear Relationship:

Answer 17

Pattern not forming a straight line.

Question 18

Frequency:

Answer 18

Number of times a value occurs.

Question 19

Relative Frequency:

Answer 19

Proportion or percent of total.

Question 20

Outlier:

Answer 20

Value far from the rest of the data.

Question 21

Frequency Table:

Answer 21

Lists values and their frequencies.

Question 22

Cumulative Frequency Histogram:

Answer 22

Histogram showing running totals.

Question 23

Mode:

Answer 23

Most frequent value(s).

Question 24

Unimodal:

Answer 24

One peak.

Question 25

Bimodal:

Answer 25

Two peaks.

Question 26

Multimodal:

Answer 26

More than two peaks.

Question 27

Descriptive Statistics:

Answer 27

Summarizes and describes data.

Question 28

Inferential Statistics:

Answer 28

Draws conclusions about a population.

Question 29

Quartile:

Answer 29

Divides data into four equal parts.

Question 30

Quantile:

Answer 30

Divides data into equal-sized groups.

Question 31

Percentile:

Answer 31

Value below which a set percent of data fall.

Question 32

Mean:

Answer 32

Arithmetic average.

Question 33

Weighted Mean:

Answer 33

Average giving values different importance.

Question 34

Median:

Answer 34

Middle value when ordered.

Question 35

Range:

Answer 35

Max − Min.

Question 36

Standard Deviation:

Answer 36

Average distance from the mean.

Question 37

Empirical Rule:

Answer 37

68%-95%-99.7% within 1–3 SDs for normal data.

Question 38

Box Plot:

Answer 38

Graph showing median

Question 39

Five Number Summary:

Answer 39

Min

Question 40

Interquartile Range (IQR):

Answer 40

Q3 − Q1; middle 50% of data.

Question 41

Whiskers:

Answer 41

Lines extending to smallest/largest non-outliers.

Question 42

IQR Outlier Rule of Thumb:

Answer 42

Outlier if Q3+1.5×IQR.

Question 43

Standard Deviation Rule of Thumb:

Answer 43

Outlier if >2–3 SDs from mean.

Question 44

Robust Estimates:

Answer 44

Not affected by outliers (median IQR).

Question 45

Hollow Histogram:

Answer 45

Outline-style histogram for comparison.

Question 46

Z Score:

Answer 46

SDs a point is from the mean.

Question 47

Normal Curve:

Answer 47

Bell-shaped symmetric curve.

Question 48

Bar Chart:

Answer 48

Shows categorical frequencies with separate bars.

Question 49

Segmented Bar Chart:

Answer 49

Bars split into proportional segments.

Question 50

Mosaic Plot:

Answer 50

Rectangles show relationship between categories.

Question 51

Pie Chart:

Answer 51

Circle divided into proportional slices.

Question 52

Counts: Raw numbers of observations.

Question 53

Proportions:

Answer 53

Percent or fraction of total.

Question 54

One-Way Frequency Table:

Answer 54

Frequencies of one categorical variable.

Question 55

Two-Way Frequency Table:

Answer 55

Cross-tabulates two categorical variables.

Question 56

Side-by-Side Bar Chart:

Answer 56

Bars for different groups shown next to each other.

Question 57

Conditions for Normality:

Answer 57

Data roughly symmetric unimodal

Question 58

Conditions for Linearity: S

Answer 58

Scatterplot shows straight trend consistent spread