Stem Cells

Question 1

What are 4 characteristics of stem cells?

Answer 1

• not terminally differentiated
• can divide without limit
• undergo slow division
• when divide, one daughter cell, and one stem cell

Question 2

Describe totipotency

Answer 2

• ability to give rise to ALL cells of an organism»embryonic and extraembryonic
• fist 16 cells of zygote are totipotent

Question 3

Pluripotent

Answer 3

Give rise to all cells of embryo and subsequent adult tissues (ES cell)

Question 4

Multipotent

Answer 4

Give rise to different cell types of a given lineage

Adult stem cells

Question 5

Which type of stem cell has high potential for therapies?

Answer 5

Pluripotent

Question 6

What is a founder stem cell

Answer 6

• Cells that clonally divide to make a region of cells.
• each tissue has fixed number of founder cells populations
• define the size of the large final structures

Question 7

Transit amplifying cells

Answer 7

• NOT STEM CELLS
• cells that divide frequently.
• programmed to have limited number of divisions.

Question 8

Divisional asymmetry

Answer 8

Create 1 daughter an 1 stem cell

Question 9

Environmental asymmetry

Answer 9

Makes identical cells, but environment influences the differentiation of the cell

Question 10

Immortal strand hypothesis

Answer 10

Stem cells retain the original DNA

Question 11

Embryonic stem cells are derived from….

Answer 11

The blastocysts

Question 12

What is the problem with injecting ES cells

Answer 12

If they do not receive the correct signals, they will produce teratomas

Question 13

When grown in a dish, ES cells must have what specific kind of medium?

Answer 13

Serum free.

Question 14

What diseases have ES cells worked for in mouse models?

Answer 14

• Immune deficiency
• diabetes
• Parkinson’s
• spinal injury
• demyelination
• myocardial infarction

Question 15

What are the transcription factors that are only found in pluripotent cell populations?

Answer 15

• nanog
• Oct4
• sox2
• foxD3

Question 16

Adult stems cells have _____________ potential.

What problem does this eliminate?

Answer 16

Adult stem cells have RESTRICTED CAPACITY AND GROWTH POTENTIAL

This eliminates the possibility of teratoma, as these cells are already partially committed.

Question 17

what kind of stem cell is cord blood?

Answer 17

Adult stem cell.

However, it is undifferentiated.

Question 18

IPS is problematic, why>

Answer 18

Genes are spliced in with viruses.

This creates a very high potential for teratoma formation.