Stephens

Question 1

Paralytic poliomyelitis

Answer 1

• can damage nucleus ambiguus, phrenic nucleus or medial motor cell column
• problems of airway obstruction and clearance

Question 2

vestibular dysfunction

Answer 2

• ipsilateral postural impairment
• vertigo
• nausea, vomiting
• eyes, head, body turn towards side of lesion
• fall towards side of lesion
• nystagmus-fast component towards side of lesion

Question 3

cerebellar dysfunction

Answer 3

• ataxia–broad based, staggering gait
• dysmetria (missing the mark)
• dysdiadochokinesia (rapidly alternating movements
• intention tremor (superior cerebellar peduncle or dentate nucleus
• decomposition of movement
• slurred/scanning speech

Question 4

Friedreich’s ataxia

Answer 4

• demyelination

- ataxia starts in lower limbs and progresses to upper limbs

Question 5

alcohol degeneration of cerebellum

Answer 5

• cortical atrophy of anterior lobe of cerebellum, and in some cases, neocerebellum and dentate nucleus
• ataxia of LE and trunk

Question 6

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 6

• repetitive involuntary licking and smaking of lips

- due to drugs (levodopa)

Question 7

athetosis

Answer 7

• degeneration of striatum

- slow, involuntary, writhing, worm-like movements of limbs and face

Question 8

hemiballism

Answer 8

• unilateral lesions of subthalamus

- contralateral movement of dysfunction–wild, violent, flailing movements of UE and LE proximal muscles

Question 9

apraxia

Answer 9

• lesions in superior parietal lobe of dominant hemisphere

- inability to perform certain complex learned motor acts

Question 10

ideational apraxia

Answer 10

• loss of ability to formulate the ideational concepts necessary to perform motor activity
• can’t perform a series of related tasks (ex: folding a letter, putting in an envelope, stamping it)