How are STI’s spread?
Mostly through sexual contact,but can also be transmitted through blood, blood products,and autoinoculation
What do all STDs have in common?
All have a latent phase which contributes to accidental transmission
What is the best method of protection against STDs?
Condoms
-birth control pills do not prevent it
Gonorrhea
-type of infection
-reinfection?
-patho
Bacterial
Provides no immunity to reinfection
Inflammatory process causes fibrous tissues and adhesions, leading to tubal pregnancies, infertility in women, and chronic pelvic pain
Gonorrhea
-male s/s
Initial infection site is urethra
Dysuria
Profuse, purulent urethral discharge
Usually symptomatic
Gonorrhea
-female s/s
Mostly asymptomatic or minor symptoms-often untreated
-vaginal discharge, dysuria, frequency of urination
After incubation
-redness/swelling
-green/yellow exudate, abscess
May spread, causing infertility, tubal pregnancies, etc
Gonorrhea
-newborns
-treatment
Transmitted to baby during vaginal birth
-untreated: causes permanent blindness of baby
We give every newborn 1 dose of erythromycin or silver nitrate in their eyes, even if the mother claims she doesn’t have gonorrhea
Good treatment, prevents newborn blindness
Gonorrhea
-female complications
More common because they are usually asymptomatic and do not seek treatment
Pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancies, infertility
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection: spreads through body
Gonorrhea
-med therapy
Single IM dose of ceftriaxone
AND
Oral azithromycin (for chlamydia-often coexists)
Gonorrhea
-patient education
Have your sexual partners get tested/treated
Abstain from sex and alcohol during treatment
Chlamydia
-type of infection
-closely associated with?
-presentation/onset?
Bacterial
Gonorrhea
Silent disease: very absent or minor symptoms
Chlamydia
-male s/s
Dysuria
urethral discharge
Chlamydia
-female s/s
usually asymptomatic
Purulent discharge, dysuria, frequent urination, PID, chronic pain, infertility
Chlamydia
-treatment
Azithromycin
Abstain from sex for 7 days after treatment
Syphilis
-type of infection
-incubation
-effect on pregnancy
Bacterial
10-90 days- long incubation
Infected mother has a higher risk of stillbirth or having a baby who dies shortly after birth
Syphilis
-Primary stage
Chancres appear- large painless lesions around the mouth and lips
Last 3-8 weeks
Syphilis
-secondary stage
Systemic- begins a few weeks after chancres
-Blood borne bacteria spread to major organs
-Flu-like symptoms
-bilateral symmetric rash
Syphilis
-stage 3
Latent/hidden stage
Immune system is suppressing infection, causing no S/S
Syphilis
-tertiary/late stage
Rare, usually treated by now
Significant morbidity/mortality rates
Gummas form: destructive lesions on the skin, bone, and soft tissues
Cardiovascular and neuro degeneration
Deadly
Syphilis treatment
Benzathine penicillin: first choice
Doxycycline or azithromycin
Follow up testing every 6 months for 2 years to ensure effectiveness of treatment
Genital Herpes
-patho
-reportable?
Not reportable in most states
HSV-2: sexually transmitted, enters through mucous membranes and forms small, vesicular lesions on genital areas in the Primary Episode (first episode)
Genital Herpes
-primary initial episode
First manifestation/attack
Dysuria from urine touching lesions
Vesicular lesions on genital areas present from 17-20 days, very painful
Purulent vaginal discharge possible
Lesions heal spontaneously
Recurrent genital herpes
Occurs in 50-80% of people after their initial primary episode
Triggered by stress, fatigue, sunburn, menses
Prodromal burning/itching before the lesions appear
Symptoms less severe, lesions heal faster
With time, lesions appear less frequently
Genital Herpes-female transmission
Women with recurrent symptoms can still shed the virus up to 1% of the time even with no lesions present
