Chlamydria
-Asymptomatic; infertility; pelvic inflammatory disease; scarred tissue; death
Syphilis
-Neurosyphilis; fatal
Herpes
-death to neonates; widespread in body; stigma/mental health issues; impact on future sexual relationships
HPV
-cervical cancer; genital warts/disfigurement
Gonorrhea
-Antibiotics; must also treat the partner; now there is antibiotic resistant gonorrhea
Annual new infections
20 million
Total infections
110 million
Total cost
16 billion dollar
Impact on women
- Reproductive health concerns
- adverse pregnancy outcomes
- cancer related consequences
- Increased risk of HIV
Undiagnosed
Can cause 24000 women to become infertile each year
Sexually history questions
- are you currently sexually active?
- are you currently sexually active with more than one partner
- What kind of protection do you and your partner use during sexual activity?
- How has illness or medication use affected your sexual activity?
- Do you have questions or concerns about your sexual activity?
- Have you ever had a sexually transmitted disease (STI)? Been exposed to someone with an STI?
- Have you ever had, or do you currently have, discharge, rashes, or sores in the genital area
- Is there anything you would like to discuss concerning sexual issues?
- Do you have any difficulty reaching orgasm?
Lubricants for breastfeeding women
-Their vagina will be dry, tell them to get silicon or water based lubricants
Patient recommendations
- know your partner
- limit the number of sexual partners
- avoid exchanging body fluids
- Use condoms and spermicidal ointment or foam during sexual activity
- Practice good hygiene; wash your genitals before and after sexual activity
- see your primary care provider yearly for medical checkups
Caring for individuals with an STI
-assessment; management; education to prevent relapse
Cervicitis
- Chlamydia infection
- Gonorrhea (all ointments given to babies to prevent blindness)
Thrush
- Can be picked up through vagina (yeast)
- Makes it tender; then breastfeeding is harder for baby
- Can cause topical yeast infection on nipple
Pelvic inflammatory disease
- If become pregnant, there will be an embryo in the fallopian tube which can explode
- Ectopic preg and appendicitis can present as the same thing
Ectopic Pregnancy
- Usually presentation and tenderness in abdomen
- signs of shock: rising, rapid pulse, falling BP
- positive ultrasound
- Usually a history of missed period
- May have had a positive preg test
- is life threatening: 911
Ulcerative genital infections
- syphilis and genital herpes simplex complex
- herpes can be active without having an outbreak; is a virus, pregnancy: must test via a vaginal and cervical swab at 36 weeks
- in absence of confirmed positive test: treatment plan is USUALLY a cesarean birth
Diseases characterized by vaginal discharge
-trichomoniasis; bacterial vaginosis; vulvovaginal candidiasis
Risk factors for Hep B
- Have unprotected sex with multiple sex partners or with someone who’s infected with HBV
- share needles during intravenous drug use
- Are a man who has sex with other men
STIs during pregnancy
-TORCH
