What is Amazon S3?
A) S3 is a block storage service that provides persistent volumes for EC2 instances.
B) S3 is a managed file system that multiple EC2 instances can mount simultaneously.
C) Simple Storage Service – object storage. Stores any file type up to 5TB per object.
D) S3 is a relational database service optimised for storing structured binary objects.
C) Simple Storage Service – object storage. Stores any file type up to 5TB per object.
What are the S3 storage classes and their use cases?
A) S3 Standard is for archives; Glacier is for active data; One Zone-IA is for critical production data.
B) S3 Standard-IA is the default class; Standard is only used for compliance archive data.
C) All S3 classes have the same durability; they differ only in cost and geographic redundancy.
D) Standard (frequent access), Intelligent-Tiering (unknown patterns), Standard-IA (infrequent, backups), One Zone-IA (secondary…
D) Standard (frequent access), Intelligent-Tiering (unknown patterns), Standard-IA (infrequent, backups), One Zone-IA (secondary…
What is S3 Intelligent-Tiering?
A) Intelligent-Tiering manually classifies objects into tiers based on size and file type.
B) Intelligent-Tiering charges a premium retrieval fee every time an object is accessed.
C) Intelligent-Tiering stores all objects in a single tier to simplify cost management.
D) Automatically moves objects between access tiers based on changing access patterns. No retrieval fees.
D) Automatically moves objects between access tiers based on changing access patterns. No retrieval fees.
What is the retrieval time for each Glacier tier?
A) All Glacier tiers take 12–48 hours regardless of retrieval option selected.
B) Glacier Instant: 3–5 hours. Flexible Retrieval: 12–48 hours. Deep Archive: milliseconds.
C) Glacier Instant: 1–5 hours. Glacier Flexible: milliseconds. Deep Archive: 3–5 hours.
D) Glacier Instant Retrieval: milliseconds.
D) Glacier Instant Retrieval: milliseconds.
What are the key S3 features beyond storage?
A) S3 supports mounting as a block device on EC2, real-time stream processing, and built-in DNS.
B) S3 supports managed relational queries, auto-archiving to EBS, and direct SFTP access.
C) S3 supports SQL queries, auto-scaling compute, and built-in CDN delivery without CloudFront.
D) Versioning, Lifecycle policies (auto-move/delete), Cross-Region Replication (CRR), Same-Region Replication (SRR), static…
D) Versioning, Lifecycle policies (auto-move/delete), Cross-Region Replication (CRR), Same-Region Replication (SRR), static…
What is Amazon EBS?
A) EBS is an object storage service that stores files in a flat namespace like S3.
B) Elastic Block Store – block storage for EC2 instances (like a virtual hard drive).
C) EBS is a managed backup service that automatically archives EC2 instance configurations.
D) EBS is a shared file system that multiple EC2 instances can mount simultaneously via NFS.
B) Elastic Block Store – block storage for EC2 instances (like a virtual hard drive).
What are the EBS volume types?
A) gp3/gp2: General Purpose SSD (general workloads, boot volumes). | …
B) gp3: for databases only. io2: for boot volumes. st1: for random I/O workloads. sc1: for streaming.
C) All EBS volume types deliver the same IOPS; they differ only in cost and storage capacity.
D) SSD volumes are for HDD workloads; HDD volumes are for SSD workloads — they are interchangeable.
A) gp3/gp2: General Purpose SSD (general workloads, boot volumes). | …
What is Amazon EFS?
A) EFS is a block storage service attached to a single EC2 instance in one AZ.
B) Elastic File System – managed NFS (Network File System) for Linux.
C) EFS is an object storage service similar to S3 but with a hierarchical directory structure.
D) EFS is a managed database service that stores application configuration files as key-value pairs.
B) Elastic File System – managed NFS (Network File System) for Linux.
EFS vs EBS – full comparison?
A) EBS is multi-AZ and auto-scales; EFS is single-AZ and requires manual sizing.
B) EFS uses block protocol; EBS uses NFS. Both support mounting by multiple instances.
C) EFS: NFS protocol, multiple instances simultaneously, Linux only, multi-AZ, auto-scaling, cannot boot. | …
D) Both EFS and EBS are mountable by multiple instances simultaneously across regions.
C) EFS: NFS protocol, multiple instances simultaneously, Linux only, multi-AZ, auto-scaling, cannot boot. | …
What is an EC2 Instance Store?
A) Instance Store is a durable block storage option that persists through instance restarts.
B) Temporary block-level storage physically attached to the host. Data is lost if the instance is stopped and started (or terminated).
C) Instance Store is an S3-backed cache that provides faster access to frequently used objects.
D) Instance Store is a managed EBS volume that is automatically attached to every EC2 instance.
B) Temporary block-level storage physically attached to the host. Data is lost if the instance is stopped and started (or terminated).
What is AWS Storage Gateway?
A) Hybrid storage service connecting on-premises environments to AWS cloud storage.
B) Storage Gateway is a managed FTP service for transferring files between on-premises and S3.
C) Storage Gateway is a VPN service that encrypts data between on-premises storage and AWS.
D) Storage Gateway is a Snow Family device used for physical bulk data transfer to AWS.
A) Hybrid storage service connecting on-premises environments to AWS cloud storage.
What is the AWS Snow Family?
A) Snow Family devices run entirely in the cloud and have no physical hardware component.
B) Snowcone holds 1 PB; Snowball holds 100 PB; Snowmobile holds 1 EB.
C) Snow Family devices connect to AWS via Direct Connect for continuous data replication.
D) Physical devices for large-scale data transfer to/from AWS.
D) Physical devices for large-scale data transfer to/from AWS.
What are the 3 types of storage (object, block, file) and their AWS services?
A) Object: EBS. Block: EFS. File: S3. Each maps to a different access pattern.
B) All three types are provided by S3 using different storage classes.
C) Object: EFS (hierarchical). Block: S3 (flat). File: EBS (mountable).
D) Object storage: Amazon S3 – flat structure, no mounting, good for media/backups/static sites. | …
D) Object storage: Amazon S3 – flat structure, no mounting, good for media/backups/static sites. | …
What is Amazon EC2?
A) EC2 is a serverless compute service where AWS fully manages the underlying servers.
B) EC2 is a managed PaaS platform where you only provide application code.
C) Elastic Compute Cloud – virtual machines (IaaS) in the cloud.
D) EC2 is a container orchestration service for running Docker workloads at scale.
C) Elastic Compute Cloud – virtual machines (IaaS) in the cloud.
What are the EC2 instance families?
A) t = compute optimised, c = memory optimised, r = storage optimised, p = general purpose.
B) All instance families provide identical performance; they differ only in price.
C) Accelerated Computing instances use NVMe SSDs; all other families use network-attached EBS.
D) General Purpose (t, m - balanced), Compute Optimised (c - high CPU, ML), Memory Optimised (r, x - large datasets),…
D) General Purpose (t, m - balanced), Compute Optimised (c - high CPU, ML), Memory Optimised (r, x - large datasets),…
How do you decode an EC2 instance type name like t3.micro?
A) t = compute type (turbo), 3 = generation, micro = memory allocation.
B) The full name is arbitrary — AWS assigns names randomly from an internal catalogue.
C) t = family (General Purpose), 3 = generation, micro = size.
D) t = size tier, 3 = number of vCPUs, micro = the instance family name.
C) t = family (General Purpose), 3 = generation, micro = size.
What is an AMI (Amazon Machine Image)?
A) A template for launching an EC2 instance – defines the OS, pre-installed software, and configuration.
B) An AMI is a CloudFormation template that provisions EC2 instances and attached resources.
C) An AMI is an IAM permission set that controls who can launch EC2 instances.
D) An AMI is a running EC2 instance snapshot used to create EBS backups.
A) A template for launching an EC2 instance – defines the OS, pre-installed software, and configuration.
What are EC2 Key Pairs?
A) Key Pairs are SSL certificates provisioned by ACM for HTTPS on EC2 instances.
B) Key Pairs are IAM access keys used to authenticate CLI commands to EC2.
C) Used for SSH authentication into EC2 instances.
D) Key Pairs are encryption keys managed by KMS for encrypting EBS volumes.
C) Used for SSH authentication into EC2 instances.
What is EC2 User Data?
A) User Data is metadata about the EC2 instance accessible from within the instance.
B) User Data is the EBS snapshot used to restore the instance to a previous state.
C) User Data is the IAM role attached to the EC2 instance at launch time.
D) A script that runs automatically on the instance at first boot.
D) A script that runs automatically on the instance at first boot.
What is EC2 Instance Metadata?
A) Data about the running instance accessible at the IP address 169.254.169.254.
B) Instance Metadata is the User Data script stored and retrievable after execution.
C) Instance Metadata is the CloudWatch metrics endpoint for the instance.
D) Instance Metadata is the EC2 billing data used to calculate the hourly charge.
A) Data about the running instance accessible at the IP address 169.254.169.254.
What is an Elastic IP?
A) An Elastic IP is an IPv6 address automatically assigned to all EC2 instances.
B) An Elastic IP is a DNS name that maps to the public IP of a running EC2 instance.
C) An Elastic IP is a private IP that persists across instance stop/start cycles within a subnet.
D) A static IPv4 address for dynamic cloud computing.
D) A static IPv4 address for dynamic cloud computing.
What are EC2 Placement Groups?
A) Placement Groups are Auto Scaling configurations that define minimum and maximum capacity.
B) Placement Groups are billing constructs for grouping EC2 instances for Reserved Instance pricing.
C) Placement Groups control which IAM roles can launch instances in a specific subnet.
D) Control how instances are placed on underlying hardware.
D) Control how instances are placed on underlying hardware.
What is an Auto Scaling Group (ASG)?
A) An ASG is a reserved instance pool that pre-warms instances for predictable workloads.
B) An ASG is a load balancer that distributes traffic evenly across a fixed set of EC2 instances.
C) Automatically adjusts EC2 capacity based on demand. Uses a Launch Template to define instance specs.
D) An ASG is a CloudFormation resource that provisions EC2 instances from an AMI template.
C) Automatically adjusts EC2 capacity based on demand. Uses a Launch Template to define instance specs.
What are the EC2 pricing models?
A) Free, Basic, Standard, Premium, and Enterprise pricing tiers.
B) On-Demand (hourly, no commitment), Reserved (1 or 3yr, up to 72% off), Spot (up to 90% off,…
C) On-Demand, Reserved, Spot, and Free Tier only — Savings Plans are a DynamoDB feature.
D) Per-CPU, Per-GB-RAM, Per-GB-Storage, Per-Request, and Per-Transfer pricing models.
B) On-Demand (hourly, no commitment), Reserved (1 or 3yr, up to 72% off), Spot (up to 90% off,…
