Arco
standard bowing
Pizzicato (pizz.)
plucked
Legato
smoothly & connected
Staccato
short
Sforzando
accented/forced (marked w/ accent)
Tremolo
rapid reiteration of single note
Spiccato
bouncing bow, off-string bowing
Detaché
detached, alternating bow directions
Sul Tasto
“on the touch” - bowing over fingerboard (soft/muted)
Ponticello/Sul Pont
bowing by the bridge (brittle/scratchy)
Con Legno
tapping wooden part of bow on strings
Glissando
glide from one pitch to another
Portamento
starts as a glass, then jumps to last pitch