str(x)
convert input to string
title()
returns a copy of the string in which first characters of all the words are capitalized
print(‘Hello, %s’ % name)
positional formatting
print(‘Hello, {}’.format(name))
string literals
print(f’Hello, {name}!’)
formatted strings
from string import Template
t = Template(‘Hey, $name!’)
print(t.substitute(name=name))
Template strings