stroke risk factors
hypercholesterolemia
high blood pressure
diabtes
smoking
heart disease
atherosclerosis
age > 65
clinical symptoms
paralysis
face, arm, speech and time
unilateral disturbance of autonomic functioning
aphasia
dizziness
vertigo
impairment of vision or balance
hemorrhagic stroke
intra- or extracerebrally situated
intracellular hemorrhage > hypertension, haematomas, tumor
subdural, subarachnoid haemorrhage > cranial trauma, basal cerebral artery anearysm rupture
ischemic episodes > artherosclerosis, small vessel occulsion, embolism, thrombosis
diagnosing methods
CT; difference between left and right side
CT angiopathy; blood vessels
MRI; blood flow
primary treatment
thrombectomy - introducing a catheter
thrombolysis - to break the clotting, recombinant tissue plasminogen
induced hypothermia - cooling catheters or wet blankets
secondary prevention
- blood pressure control
- control of sugar levels and body weight
- lowering the blood lipid levels
- anticoagulation
- secondary prophylaxis
pathophysiology of cell injury
- excitotoxicity
- calcium overload
- free radical formation
- immune activation
- inhibition of protein synthesis
- alteration of gene expression
necrosis
- edema; excess accumulation of fluids,
- calcium overload; due to membrane leakage because of physical disruption
