Stroke

Question 1

What is the most common cause of stroke

Answer 1

hypertension

Question 2

List some non-modifiable factors that increase the risk of having a stroke.

Answer 2

Age,sex, race, family history

Question 3

List some modifiable factors that increase the risk of having a stroke.

Answer 3

hypertension, diabetes, smoking, atrial fibrillation

Question 4

When a symptoms comes about suddenly this is a sign of a?

Answer 4

Possible stroke

Question 5

What are the subtypes of ischemic strokes?

Answer 5

small vessel thrombosis, large vessel thrombosis, embolic stroke

Question 6

What are the subtypes of hemorrhagic strokes?

Answer 6

Intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 7

Stroke mimics?

Answer 7

hypoglycemia, mass lesions, migraines

Question 8

Common presentation of LMCA stroke?

Answer 8

1. Right hemiparesis: face=Hand > arm > leg
2. Aphasia
3. Anterior division: left head and eye deviation
4. Posterior division: visual field deficit, aphasia

Question 9

Common presentation of RMCA stroke?

Answer 9

1. Left hemiparesis: face=Hand > arm > leg
2. NEGLECT
3. Anterior division: Right head and eye deviation
4. Posterior division: visual field deficit, NEGLECT

Question 10

Common presentation of Posterior Cerebral Stroke stroke?

Answer 10

1. visual field deficit or cortical blindness if bilateral

2. may have hemihypaesthesia

Question 11

Common presentation of Basilar Artery stroke?

Answer 11

1. Altered consciousness or Coma, often bilateral signs

2. Cranial nerve signs and crossed signs

Question 12

Common presentation of Lacunar stroke?

Answer 12

1. Pure Motor Hemiplegia: Internal capsule
2. Pure Sensory Hypaesthesia: thalamus
3. Dysarthria Clumsy Hand Syndrome: pons
4. Ataxia Hemiparesis

Question 13

List some inclusion factors for Thrombolytic therapy.

Answer 13

1. acute ischemic stroke (not mimic)
2. Age < 80
3. Onset < 3 hours
4. CT normal or indicates early focal infarction
5. NIHSS < 24
6. Absence of exclusionary criteria
7. Informed consent

Question 14

List some exclusion factors for Thrombolytic therapy.

Answer 14

1. CT signs of hemorrhage or very large infarction
2. Undetermined time of onset
3. Uncontrollable hypertension or blood sugar
4. Recent trauma,major surgery or bleeding
5. Abnormal coagulation profile
6. Rapidly resolving deficit
7. Hemodynamic Compromise from MI

Question 15

Name the five ways you can prevent strokes (Primary and Secondary)

Answer 15

1. Control of modifiable risk factors
2. Antihypertensive med
3. Anti platelet med
4. Anticoagulants
5. Carotid Endarterectomy