Stroke

Question 1

aphasia

Answer 1

impairment in expression and/or comprehension of language

Question 2

dysarthria

Answer 2

weakness and incoordination of muscles used in speech

Question 3

apraxia

Answer 3

difficulty controlling speech organs resulting in impaired production and sequencing of sounds and breathing

Question 4

dysphagia

Answer 4

impaired swallowing

Question 5

define praxis and where in the brain it is controlled by

Answer 5

ability to plan and perform purposeful movement

• frontal lobe
• parietal lobe.

Question 6

dyspraxia

Answer 6

impaired planning and sequencing of movement that is not due to weakness, incoordination or sensory loss

Question 7

how is apraxia diagnosed

Answer 7

through process of elimination

Question 8

list the 2 different types of apraxia

Answer 8

1. ideational

2. ideomotor

Question 9

define ideational apraxia

Answer 9

person does not have idea on what to do

Question 10

define ideomotor apraxia

Answer 10

know what to do it but can not carry it out

Question 11

what are 2 standardised assessments to assess apraxia

Answer 11

• Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery

- Lowenstein OT cognitive assessment

Question 12

list 2 partially standardised assessments for apraxia

Answer 12

1. ideomotor assessment (client given verbal command of of meaningful and non meaningful gestures)
2. Ideational assessment (imitation of gestures)

Question 13

define object error

Answer 13

using wrong object for the correct action

Question 14

define spatial error

Answer 14

disorientating one object with another

Question 15

define action error

Answer 15

commission of movement or incorrect use of movement

Question 16

list interventions for apraxia

Answer 16

• functional activities
• errorless learning
• visual imagery
• visual cues
• backward chaining
• sensory stimulation
• proprioceptive stimulation

Question 17

define perplexity

Answer 17

hesitance touching or casual handling of objects e.g. asking therapist for confirmation

Question 18

what are 2 steps involved in dynamic performance analysis

Answer 18

1. establishing whole task pre-requisites

2. analysis of observed performance

Question 19

define neuroplasticity

Answer 19

the ability of the brain to reorganise itself both in structure and how it functions

Question 20

when should assessments be conducted on stroke patients

Answer 20

• baseline
• day 3 post stroke
• weeks 8-12 during follow up. care e.g. rehab

Question 21

describe shoulder positioning post stroke as an OT intervention

Answer 21

• decreases risk of shoulder subluxation, contractors and pain
• enhance ROM

Question 22

describe electrical stimulation as an OT intervention

Answer 22

• used to strengthen shoulder muscles

- should be used in conjunction with motor training

Question 23

what does GRASP stand for

Answer 23

Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary program

Question 24

what does GRASP involve

Answer 24

• functional program of upper extremity (focusing on strength, fine motor)
• hand are arm exercise programs

Question 25

describe mirror therapy as an OT intervention post stroke

Answer 25

movement of affected limb stimulated by visual cues originating from opposite side of body

Question 26

describe constraint induced movement therapy as an OT intervention

Answer 26

constraining less affected arm for 6 hrs per day

Question 27

define procedural learning

Answer 27

acquisition of perceptual motor or mechanical 'doing' skills