STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

What supports soft tissues and provides points of attachment for the tendons of most skeletal muscles?

Answer 1

Skeletal system

Question 2

What provides protection for the internal organs from injury?

Answer 2

Skeletal system

Question 3

What assists in movement when muscle contraction pulls on bones?

Answer 3

Skeletal system

Question 4

What maintains mineral homeostasis by storing and distributing several minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus?

Answer 4

Skeletal system

Question 5

True or False

Blood cell production occurs within the red bone marrow

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What bone marrow stores triglycerides?

Answer 6

Yellow bone marrow

Question 7

What are some examples of long bones?

Longer than wide

Answer 7

1. Thigh
2. Leg
3. Arm
4. Fingers
5. Toes

Question 8

What are some examples of short bones?

Almost cube shaped

Answer 8

Most wrist and ankle bones

Question 9

What are some examples of flat bones?

Thin and extensive surface

Answer 9

1. Cranial bones
2. sternum
3. ribs
4. scapulae

Question 10

What are some examples of irregular bones?

Do not fit in the other categories

Answer 10

1. Vertebrae

2. Facial bones

Question 11

What are the parts of a long bone?

Answer 11

1. diaphysis
   a. shaft
2. Epiphyses
   a. ends of the long bone
3. Metaphyses
   a. contains the “growth plate” (epiphyseal plate)
   b. located between the shaft and end of bone

Question 12

What are the bone building cells?

Answer 12

osteoblasts

Question 13

What cells of the bone does the following:

1. maintain bone
2. exchange nutrients and waste with the blood
3. these are osteablasts encased in the matrix they build

Answer 13

Osteocytes

Question 14

What cells of the bone digest bone matrix for normal bone turnover?

Answer 14

Osteoclasts

Question 15

What are the points of contact between bones?

Answer 15

Joints

Question 16

Joints are classified into what based on their structure?

Answer 16

1. fibrous
2. cartilaginous
3. synovial

Question 17

What type of joint has no cavity and is just dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 17

Fibrous joints

Question 18

What type of joint has no cavity and the bones are held together by cartilage?

Answer 18

Cartilaginous joints

Question 19

What type of joints have a synovial cavity and many other components such as ligaments?

Answer 19

Synovial joints

Question 20

What are some examples of fibrous joints?

Answer 20

1. sutures of the skull
2. interosseous membrane
   a. dense irregular tissue between long bones
   1. radius-ulna
   2. tibia-fibula

Question 21

These are all included in the structure of what type of joint?

1. synovial cavity
2. articular cartilage
3. ligaments
4. synovial membrane
5. accessory ligaments
6. articular discs (menisci)

Answer 21

synovial joint

Question 22

What are fluid containing spaces of the synovial joints?

Answer 22

Synovial cavity

Question 23

What reduces friction between bones in relation to a synovial joint?

Answer 23

Articular cartilage

Question 24

What lies outside and inside the articular capsule of the synovial joint?

Answer 24

Accessory ligaments

1. outside the capsule fiber and tibia collateral ligaments of the knee
2. inside the capsule anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee

Question 25

What allows articulating bones to fit more tightly in synovial joints?

Answer 25

Articular discs (menisci)

Question 26

What are sacs that contain synovial fluid and are located where friction can occur (decrease friction)?

Answer 26

Bursae

Question 27

What kind of joints are convex to concave surfaces and allow flexion and extension only?

Answer 27

Hinge joints

Question 28

The following describes what within the skeletal system? 1. composed of connective tissue 2. found throughout the skeletal system 3. function to connect bone to bone 4. commonly injured by spraining or tearing

Answer 28

Ligaments

Question 29

The following describes what within the skeletal system? 1. Tough band of fibrous connective tissue 2. function to connect muscle to bone a. skeletal muscle contracts and moves bones via these b. very dense and more capable of withstanding tension

Answer 29

Tendons

Question 30

What covers the ends of bones, absorbs shock, and reduces friction?

Answer 30

Cartilage

Question 31

What decreases friction in areas where friction can occur with movement?

Answer 31

Bursa 1. Between a. skin and bone b. tendons and bones c. muscles and bones d. ligaments and bones

Question 32

What are the different types of muscular tissue in the body?

Answer 32

1. skeletal a. movement of bones/body parts b. stabilize body positions 2. cardiac a. heart only b. develops pressure for blood flow 3. smooth a. largely in GI tract

Question 33

What are the major functions of the muscle systems?

Answer 33

1. produce body movements 2. stabilize body positions 3. store and move substances 4. produce heat

Question 34

What specific movement decreases the angle between articulating bones?

Answer 34

Flexion

Question 35

What specific movement increases the angle in articulating bones?

Answer 35

Extension

Question 36

What movement is bending beyond 180 degrees, such as moving the humerus backwards behind an anatomical plane?

Answer 36

Hyperextension

Question 37

What is the movement of a bone away from the midline?

Answer 37

Abduction

Question 38

What is the movement of a bone toward the midline?

Answer 38

Adduction

Question 39

What is the movement of a distal end in a circle?

Answer 39

Circumduction

Question 40

What movement is when the bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis?

Answer 40

Rotation

Question 41

What is the movement of the soles of the foot medially?

Answer 41

Inversion

Question 42

What is the movement of the soles of the foot laterally?

Answer 42

Eversion

Question 43

What is known as the bending of the foot toward the dorsum (standing on heels)?

Answer 43

Dorsiflexion

Question 44

What is known as bending the foot toward the plantar surface (standing on toes)?

Answer 44

Plantarflexion