what are the four premises to structural violence?
- difference in power = inequalities
- inequalities become institutionalized by elites and create oppressive conditions
- not always harsh/aggressive physical processes, but the everyday circumstances for people in oppressive environments
- more needs for resources=more risk for violence=least amount of agency
what does the tree of rights approach consist of?
- provision rights
- resources
- debate/discourse
- positive rights/negative rights
what are provision rights?
food, water, shelter, sanitation, health care
what are resources?
people, networks (organizations), funds
what is debate/discourse?
who decides? -> interpretation, interpret values through education
(duty for those to provide for those that don’t have)
what are positive rights/negative rights?
positive rights: you have the freedom to…
negative rights: you have the freedom from doing…
what are kin groups?
social units whose members can be identified and whose residence patterns and activities can be observed
what are the types of kin groups?
- Families (impermanent, family dies when members die)
- Descent groups (permanent)
(Nuclear families, extended families, matrifocal families (like in Olinda
and Potosi))
what are the three P’s of children’s rights?
- provision: children have the right to an adequate standard of living, health care, education, and services, and to play and recreation
- protection: children have the right to protection from abuse, neglect, exploitation and discrimination
- participation: children have the right to participate in communities and have programs and services for themselves
what is UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)?
- 3 P’s
- anyone before 18 years of age
what is the problem of structure vs agency in terms of provision rights?
children as breadwinners (household reliance on income contribution) creates conflict
what are favelas?
settlements/houses near the larger cities in Brazil, waves of unhoused migrant workers filled the favelas, which offered affordable makeshift housing.
child labor in olinda?
Many children work as domestics, tour guides, street vending, shine shoes, wash dishes (in restaurants or bars), shop assistants, garbage dumps, guias, sex clubs
what is religion?
belief and practices related to the supernatural
what are the different types of religion?
- animism: inanimate objects hold value
- witchcraft: contagious/imitative “magic”
- polytheism: belief in more than one god
- monotheism: belief in one god
what is latin american catholicism?
- syncretism of ancient indigenous beliefs and spanish conquistadores
- blending of line between living & dead
- secular and religious rituals
- reciprocity between people and saints
what is liberation theology?
- social movement in latin american catholicism since 1960’s
- economic justice, church should help the poor
what are the four primary functions of religions?
- provide comfort in times of stress
- explain the unexplainable
- social control
- sense of community w/ others
what is todos santos?
day of the dead
what is social movement activism?
the practice of working toward the reform of institutions, behaviors, relations, and expectations in society
