What are groups
Vertical column
What are periods
Horizontal row
Group 1 name
Alkali metals
Group 2 name
Alkali earth metals
Group 7/17 name
Halogen
Group 8/18 name
Noble gases
What is electron shielding?
Electron shielding occurs when inner shielding electrons shield the outer valence electrons the full attraction of the nucleus.
State the variance in electron shielding according to the periodic table
- Constant across period
- Increasing down a group
What is effective nuclear charge?
State the variance in effective nuclear charge according to the periodic table
- Increases across period
- Constant down group
Comment on the trend in atomic radii across a period
Decreases due to higher positive charge and same amount of shielding.
Comment on the trend in atomic radii down a group
Increases due to more energy levels.
Comment on the general rule for ionic radii
Ionic radius is smaller for positive ions and larger for negative ions
Define first ionisation energy
Energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to make a mole of +1 gaseous atoms
Trend in ionisation energy down a group
Decrease due to less energy needed
Trend in ionisation energy across a period
General increase due to more energy needed
What is first electron affinity
The energy released when adding one mole of electrons to one mole of gaseous atoms
Comment on the endothermic/exothermic of first electron affinity vs second
First electron affinity is negative so exothermic whereas second is positive so endothermic
Why are second electron affinity values negative
Electron repulsion
Define Electronegativity
The measure of an attractiveness of an atom
Where are group 1 elements stored
Oil to prevent reaction with oxygen
What happens when alkaline metals, group 1, react with water
React vigorously to produce an alkaline solution and hydrogen gas
What does group 1 + 17 give
salts
Comment on the reactivity of group 17 elements
Less reactive down the group
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1.1 - Models of the Particulate Nature of Matter18
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1.2 - The Nuclear Atom10
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1.3 - Electron Configurations13
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1.4 - Counting Particles by Mass: The Mole10
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1.5 - Ideal Gases6
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2.1 - The Ionic Model25
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2.2 - The Covalent Model63
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2.3 - The Metallic Model5
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Structure 2.411
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Structure 3.147
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3.2 Functional Groups28
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Reactivity 1.1 - Measuring Enthalpy Changes6
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Reactivity 1.2 - Energy Cycles in Reactions7
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Reactivity 1.4 - Entropy12
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Reactivity 2.2 + 2.3 - The rate of chemical change24
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Reactivity 3.1 - Proton Transfer Reactions28
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Strong and Weak Acids and Bases4
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Reactivity 3.2 - Electron Transfer Reactions15
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Reactivity 3.3 - Electron Sharing Reactions6
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Reactivity 3.4 - Electron Pair Sharing Reactions5
