STRUGGLES

Question 1

what are the climate based ag zones

Answer 1

• tropical (north)
• subtropical (coastal east)
• temperate (coastal South-east)
• Mediterranean (south westt)

Question 2

how much of their income do poor spend on food

Answer 2

50-70%

Question 3

What do farming systems offer

Answer 3

• context (allow for complexities of each individual farm)
• identify challenges
• acknowledge activities
• deeper understanding
• farmer’s perspective

Question 4

What are farming systems based on

Answer 4

• resources
• livelihood
• enterprise patterns
• strategies

Question 5

7 farming systems

Answer 5

1 irrigated
2 rainfed high humidity potential
3 rainfed steep highland
4 rainfed small scale in cold and dry
5 large scale commercial
6 coastal artisinal fishing and cereal
7 urban-based

Question 6

what is the farming system that produces the most food in australia

Answer 6

large scale commercial

Question 7

what 4 farming systems are still used by family farmers

Answer 7

1. irrigated
2. rainfed high humidity potential
3. rainfed steep highland
4. rainfed small scale in dry and cold

Question 8

how much land is arable in Aus

Answer 8

46 million ha

Question 9

how much land is non-arable in Aus

Answer 9

419 million ha

Question 10

how much land is used for crops in aus

Answer 10

16 million ha

Question 11

how much land is used for grasses in Aus

Answer 11

30 million ha

Question 12

What are the 3 farming zones in Aus and their subdivisions

Answer 12

1. High rainfall
   - sheep-beef sector
   - dairy sector
2. Wheat-sheep zone
3. Pastoral
   - northern
   - southern

Question 13

Where is the High rainfall zone

Answer 13

• coast of NSW, South Queensland, victoria, south east aus, south west aus and Tasmania

Question 14

Characterisitcs of high rainfall zone

Answer 14

• > 500mm rainfall py
• sloping
• southern areas have a winter pattern
• northern areas have a summer pattern
• major constraints = low temp or low moisture

Question 15

characterisitics of beef-sheep sector (HRZ)

Answer 15

• 6-9 months
• beef production and wool

Question 16

characterisitics of dairy sector (HRZ)

Answer 16

• 300 to 1000 cows milked per farm
• long growing season
• high pasture yields

Question 17

characteristics of wheat-sheep zone

Answer 17

• 33% of total Aus output/export
• 5-9 month season
• cereal cropping (only in 200-600 mm areas)
• 50-70% mixed farmland

Question 18

characteristics of pastoral zones

Answer 18

• arid (>200mm yr)
• grazing = low stocking rate
• larger areas
• higher cost of transport (further away)
• West/central Aus

Question 19

characteristics of northern sector (P)

Answer 19

• 25% land area occupied in Aus
• low carrying capacity of 1 per 30-50 ha
• very large

Question 20

characteristics of southern sector (P)

Answer 20

• 25% land area
• 10% of total production of Aus
• large areas
• main feed is native grasses

Question 21

what percentage of water is used by irriigation

Answer 21

• 70%

Question 22

how much land is irrigated

Answer 22

• 0.5%

Question 23

when did domestication begin

Answer 23

• 12,000 to 8000 BC

Question 24

what plants were domesticated in fertile cresent and when

Answer 24

• wheat, barley, peas, chickpea
• 9000BC

Question 25

what plants were domesticated in China and when

Answer 25

- rice, millet - 7500BC

Question 26

what plants were domesticated in mesoamerica and when

Answer 26

- maize and beans - 3500BC

Question 27

what plants were domesticated in Africa/sahel and when

Answer 27

- sorghum, millet, yam - 5000BC

Question 28

what plants were domesticated in andes/amazonia and when

Answer 28

maize, lima bean, cotton - 3500BC

Question 29

what plants were domesticated in New guinea and when

Answer 29

sugar cane, bananas - 7000BC

Question 30

8 main crops

Answer 30

- wheat, barley, rice, sorghum, maize, millet, oats, rye - provide 75% food

Question 31

Where and when were sheep domesticated

Answer 31

ferile cresent and 8000-8500BC

Question 32

Where and when were goats domesticated

Answer 32

fetrile cresent and 8000 - 8500BC

Question 33

Where and when were pigs domesticated

Answer 33

China 7500-8000BC

Question 34

Where and when were cattle domesticated

Answer 34

- india - 6000-7000BC

Question 35

Need to know dates

Answer 35

- 1825 = 1 billion - 1927 = 2 billion - 1960 = 3 bil and green revo

Question 36

est population for 2050

Answer 36

9.7 billion

Question 37

what percentage of grain is fed to livestock

Answer 37

- 30-70%

Question 38

how much global water use is for agriculture

Answer 38

80%

Question 39

what did the green revolution involve

Answer 39

- irrigation - mechanization - improved crop varieties and disease resistance - pesticides and fertilisers - instiittutional arrangements (awareness)

Question 40

what percentage of runoff and groundwater are used for water sources

Answer 40

runoff = 6% groundwater = 94%

Question 41

how much water does irriigation use

Answer 41

1000kl/ha/year

Question 42

what is Ag2030 goal

Answer 42

to have $100billion per year value in agricultire

Question 43

what is ANCERTA

Answer 43

Aus new zealand closer economic relations trade agreement

Question 44

What is CPTPP

Answer 44

Comprehensive and progressive trans pacific partnership

Question 45

what s RCEP

Answer 45

regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement - largest - 13 countries

Question 46

compare intensive and extensive agriculture

Answer 46

intesive = smaller, fewer animals, more input costs, sell for more, coatsal and south extensive = larger, more animals, fewer input costs, slower growth rates, northern Aus

Question 47

percentage of emission from ag

Answer 47

- 24%

Question 48

What is breeding 2.0

Answer 48

- mendelian genetics - using breeding to influence genetics

Question 49

inbred, hybrid, clones

Answer 49

inbred - self compatible hybrid - not self compatible clones - vegetatively propagated

Question 50

what is true breeding

Answer 50

all offspring have same phenotype - occurs after 6-7 generations - gentically fixed(will be AA and aa only)

Question 51

explain backcrossing

Answer 51

- take an existing good variety (P1) and cross with another species with a good trait. - trait is transferred to the good exisiting vairety (P1) and select for this phenotype until it is constant

Question 52

explain mutation

Question 53

by how much is annual rainfall in South west expected to decrease by 2030

Answer 53

20-30%

Question 54

7 options to improve food security from UN

Answer 54

1. regulate commodities and larger cereal stocks 2. remove subsiidies from first gen biofuels 3. reduce cereals and fish in animal feed 4. support farmers in eco-agriculture 5. increase trade 6. limit global warming 7. raise awareness of population issues