Characteristics of Public IP
- Public IP means the machine can be identified on the internet (WWW)
- Must be unique across the whole web (not two machines can have the same public IP).
- Can be geo-located easily
Characteristics of Private IP
- Private IP means the machine can only be identified on a private network only
- The IP must be unique across the private network
- BUT two different private networks (two companies) can have the same IPs.
- Machines connect to WWW using a NAT + internet gateway (a proxy)
- Only a specified range of IPs can be used as private IP
What are the 3 placement groups?
cluster, spread, partition
Cluster
Same rack/Same az
Benefits: great network (10gpbs), low latency
Spread
Span across different AZ. But limited to 7 instances per AZ, per placement group
Partition
spreads instances across many different partitions (which rely on different sets of racks) within an AZ. Scales to 100s of EC2 instances per group (Hadoop, Cassandra, Kafka)
elastic network interface (ENI)
Logical component in a VPC that represents a
virtual network card
*bound to specific az
EC2 Hibernate
The in-memory (RAM) state is preserved.
the RAM state is written to a file in the root EBS volume. The root EBS volume must be encrypted
EC2 Nitro
Underlying Platform for the next generation of EC2 instances
Benefits: Allows for better performance:
• Better networking options (enhanced networking, HPC, IPv6)
• Higher Speed EBS (Nitro is necessary for 64,000 EBS IOPS – max 32,000 on non-Nitro)
spot block instances
By using Spot Block Instances, you reserve a set of Spot EC2 instances for a specified duration (1-6 hours) without interruption.
Spot Fleet is a set of Spot Instances and optionally
On-demand Instances. It allows you to automatically request Spot Instances with the lowest price.
what’s an EBS Volume?
-An EBS (Elastic Block Store) Volume is a network drive you can attach to your instances while they run
• It allows your instances to persist data, even after their termination
• They can only be mounted to one instance at a time (at the CCP level)
• They are bound to a specific availability zone
AMI are built for specify regions? true or false
true
EC2 Instance Store
A high-performance hardware disk.
EC2 Instance Store lose their storage if they’re stopped
EBS Volumes gp2 / gp3 (SSD)
General purpose SSD volume that is cost effective and low-latency for a wide variety of workloads
EBS Volumes Provisioned IOPS (PIOPS) SSD
Critical business applications with sustained IOPS performance
Or applications that need more than 16,000 IOPS
Great for databases workloads (sensitive to storage perf and consistency)
EBS Volumes Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
125 MiB to 16TiB
• Throughput Optimized HDD (st1)
• Big Data, Data Warehouses, Log Processing • Max throughput 500 MiB/s – max IOPS 500
• Cold HDD (sc1):
• For data that is infrequently accessed
• Scenarios where lowest cost is important
• Max throughput 250 MiB/s – max IOPS 250
how to encrypt an unencrypted EBS volume?
- Create an EBS snapshot of the volume
- Encrypt the EBS snapshot ( using copy )
- Create new ebs volume from the snapshot ( the volume will also be encrypted )
- Now you can attach the encrypted volume to the original instance
EFS – Elastic File System
- Managed NFS (network file system) that can be mounted on many EC2
- EFS works with EC2 instances in multi-AZ
- Highly available, scalable, expensive (3x gp2), pay per use
EFS Performance mode
- General purpose (default): latency-sensitive use cases (web server, CMS, etc…)
- Max I/O – higher latency, throughput, highly parallel (big data, media processing)
EFS Throughput mode
- Bursting (1TB = 50MiB/s + burst of up to 100MiB/s)
* Provisioned: set your throughput regardless of storage size, ex: 1 GiB/s for 1 TB storage
EFS Storage Tiers (lifecycle management feature – move file after N days)
- Standard: for frequently accessed files
* Infrequent access (EFS-IA): cost to retrieve files, lower price to store
