know numbers of carbons 1-10
1- methane
2- ethane
3- propane
4- butane
5- pentane
6- hexane
7- heptane
8- octane
9- nonane
10- decane
isomer definition
organic compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula
saturated compounds
a compound whose carbon bonds are all single bonds
unsaturated bonds
a compound whose carbon bonds are all double or triple bonds
when alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are arrganged in rings the prefix is
cyclo
starts of matter at room temp for different hydrocarbons
1-4- gas
5-16- liquid
17 and up- solid
alkane, alkene, and alkyne ending
alkane- ane
alkene- ene
alkyne- yne
halocarbons
F, Cl, Br, I and need adress (unless 1 or 2 carbons)
halocarbons names
fluoro, bromo, chloro, iodo/ put di for 2 and tri for 3
branches
put methyl, ethyl, propyl in front of base name & di for 2 and tri for 3 / NEED ADRESS
what functional group is alcohols
-OH and needs adress
how to name alcohols
drop e from base name and add -ol
hexane- hexanol
what functional group os carboxylic acids
-COOH / always end of #1 carbon NO ADRESS
how to name carboxylic acids
drop e from base name and add -oic acid
pentane- pentanoic acid
what functional group os ethers
-O- / carbon chains of either side of O/ NO ADDRESS
how to name ethers
short chain name -oxy- long chain name
butane and ethane chains- ethoxybutane
what functional group os aldehydes
-CHO/ always on end #1 carbon/ NO ADDRESS
how to name aldehydes
drop e from base name add -al
heptane– heptanal
what functional group is ketones
=O / double bond to =O on interior carbon / NEEDS ADDRESS
how to name ketones
drop e from base name, add -one
pentane– 2-pentanone
what functional group of amines
-NH2 / NEEDS ADDRESS
how to name amines
put amino in from of base name
nonane– 3-aminononane
what functional group of esters
-COO- functional group
what does an ester do
connects acid group to alcohol group
acid group: has C=O and C-O
alcohol group: has C-O only
NO ADDRESS
