study guide 21, 22, 23

Question 1

1. Which of the following describes portions of the image that appears brighter than normal?

Answer 1

Hyperechoic (page 356)

Question 2

2. What about images that are not as bright or are less bright then normal

Answer 2

hypoechoic (JL 356)

Question 3

3. Structure without echoes how do you describe that

Answer 3

anechoic (JL 356)

Question 4

4. A tissue or structure that has a similar echo characteristics with or without

Answer 4

homogeneous (JL 356)

Question 5

5. Tissue displaying variety of different echo characteristics

Answer 5

heterogeneous (JL 356)

Question 6

Reverberation, comet tail, shadow, Edge shadow,
Enhancement, Focal enhancement, Mirror image, Speed error, Lobes, Side lobes and grating lobes Refraction, slice thickness, Lateral resolution, axial resolution Multipath, curved and oblique reflectors, temporal resolution artifact, spatial resolution artifact, range ambiguity artifact, Noise
(plz change if not correct)

Answer 6

6. Artifacts are on an error on an image which one isn’t an error

Question 7

7. Equipment malfunction or design physics of ultrasound of error, what is this?

Answer 7

Causes of artifacts

Question 8

8. Multiple equally spaced parallel lines?

Answer 8

Reverberation (page 357)

Question 9

9. Which artifact is unrelated to the dimensions of an ultrasound pulse

Answer 9

Refraction artifact (page 376 question 10)

Question 10

10. Which artifact produces an image with an incorrect number of pulses side by side

Answer 10

Side lobe, grating lobe, refraction (page 375 in the box)

Question 11

11. Artifacts result of the replaced, all okay expect one?

I had:
artifacts result in the placement of too many echoes on the image except (MW)

Answer 11

Shadowing

Question 12

12. Which of the following does not result from multiple reflections

Answer 12

Enhancement (page 378 question 14)

Question 13

13. Two distinct reflectors are observed on an image but actually arise from a single anatomical deep image and are correct?

Answer 13

A mirror image (page 378 question 13)

Question 14

14. Two reflections from side by side which one is real and what is the normal cause for this artifact

Answer 14

Grating lobe artifact (page 378 question 12)

Question 15

15. Which artifact create one reflection on an image from two closely spaced reflectors

Answer 15

axial resolution (JL 370)

Question 16

16. When the beam dimension is greater than the reflector size what artifact may

Answer 16

Slice Thickness (AKA section thickness artifact or partial volume artifact), and axial resolution

Question 17

17. Lobes created by array transducer is called what?

Answer 17

grating lobes

Question 18

18. What methods can be used to eliminate lobe artifacts?

Answer 18

• Subdicing

* Apodization

Question 19

19. Single solid hyperechoic line parallel to the sound beam and no spaces with in the line is what artifact

Answer 19

Comet tail ( JL 358)

Question 20

20. What artifact occurs when the beam is unable to pass through a structure because of the high attenuation

Answer 20

shadow ( JL 359)

Question 21

21. Refractions at an end of circular structure can cause what artifact

Answer 21

Edge shadowing (JL 360) (shadowing by refraction)

Question 22

22. What artifact and there is too much gain in the focal zone

Answer 22

focal enhancement ( JL 362)

Question 23

23. What artifact when the medium the sound travels has a lower attenuation rate then soft tissue

Answer 23

speed error (JL 364) (vertical misregirstration)
AKA range error artifact

Question 24

24. Which artifact occurs when you see reflectors at incorrect depths

Answer 24

Side lobe artifact (page 377 question 8)

at incorrect depths: Speed error, range ambiguity

Question 25

25. When propagation speed is greater than 1540 m/s reflector is placed what on the display?

Answer 25

too shallow?? (JL 364)

Question 26

26. Grating lobes are caused by what type of transducer?

Answer 26

array transducer

Question 27

27. What artifacts can be solved by lowering PRF

Answer 27

Range ambiguity

Question 28

28. Which of the following artifacts are only found with Doppler

Answer 28

Crosstalk/ Mirror image/ clutter (page 363)

Question 29

29. A grainy appearance of tissue created by interference

Answer 29

Speckle? (Page 374) Acoustic speckle

Question 30

30. Media through which ultrasound travels doesn't propagate at 1540 m/s, assumed relationship between time and distance is invalid?

Answer 30

Speed error

Question 31

31. Propagation speed errors appear is a what?

Answer 31

Step-off as if the structures are "split" or "cut" (page 364)

Question 32

artifacts ( JL 355)

Answer 32

32. What are errors in imaging? One doesn’t belong

Question 33

* Violation of assumptions * Equipment malfunction or poor design * The physics of ultrasound * Operator error

Answer 33

33. Causes of artifacts? one that doesn’t belong

Question 34

* Doppler gain set to high | * Incident of angle is near 90% between the sound beam and the flow direction, when flow is at the beam's focus

Answer 34

34. Two causes for crosstalk know them!

Question 35

35. Color flash is also referred to as what?

Answer 35

??

Question 36

36. Wall filters are used to reject what?

Answer 36

Rejects the low level frequency shifts

Question 37

37. If the path to reflector is a different length then the returning path what artifact

Answer 37

Multipath (page 371)

Question 38

38. What produces shadowing

Answer 38

high attenuation (JL 359)

Question 39

39. Enhancement where does it appear on the image

Answer 39

beneath tissue with abnormally low attenuation (JL 361)

Question 40

40. Which transducer may have poor elevational resolution

Answer 40

thick transducers (JL 369) created by 1 1/2 dimensional transducer

Question 41

41. Avoidance of needless harm, or injury?

Answer 41

nonmaleficence (JL 397)

Question 42

42. What provides a basis for informed consent

Answer 42

Autonomy (JL 397)

Question 43

43. When can a patient revoke consent

Answer 43

At anytime even during a procedure or exam

Question 44

44. What is the first action when the sonographer enters the room

Answer 44

Introduces them selves

Question 45

45. What is the study between a worker and their environment called

Answer 45

Ergonomics (JL 399)