3 main parts of the ear
- Outer (external) Ear
- The Middle Ear
- The Inner Ear
Outer (external) Ear
- Pinna (collects sound like funnel and directs it down ear canal
- External auditory canal (aka: ear canal)
The Middle Ear
- Auditory Ossicles (AKA: Ossicular Chain)
- Eustachian
The Inner Ear
- Contains two separate systems with different functions; same fluid running through both
- Semicircular canals (vestibular(?) system; balance)
- Cochlea(hearing
Auditory Ossicles (AKA: Ossicular Chain)
- Malleus: AKA “hammer”. Embedded in back side of tympanic membrane. Connects to incus.
- Incus: AKA “anvil”. Connects to Stapes.
- Stapes: AKA “Stirrup”
And it ends the oral window (entrance to inner ear). It is embedded in the oral window
- Who is more likely to get ear infections and why
Children because the eustachian tube is more horizontal and remains open all the time
- What artery provides blood (and therefore oxygen) to all the language areas in the brain?
Middle cerebral artery
Characteristics of Wernicke’s Aphasia
-damage is in the Wernicke’s area
-Receptive(understanding) is the primary problem
- Speech is fluent
-Significant comprehension problems, lots of paraphasia and neologisms
Global Aphasia
- Huge lesions affecting Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area and the space in between.
- Both verbal expression and comprehension significantly impacted
- Primary characteristics:
o Stereotypical expressions in response to any question
o Jargon
o Perseverations
Broca’s Aphasia
-Damage is in the Broca’s Area
-Expressive (talking) is the primary problem
- speech is non fluent
-Difficulty producing grammatically correct sentences
-Difficulty naming objects
Anomic aphasia
- Lesions are typically outside of the language zone, Varies from person to person
- the deficit expressive (talking)
- Primary characteristics: Words finding deficits, Paraphasia’s
Right Hemisphere Disorder primary deficits
- Communication
- Attention / Perception
- Cognition
Communication(1)
-Prosodic deficit: pitch, stress, loudness, used to convey meaning
- Discourse: narrative ability: Organization problems, Relevance, Confabulation (making things up…tell you things that aren’t true)
- Language tends to be concrete and literal so, difficulty with figurative language and inferencing
- Pragmatics
- Affect: facial expression may not represent true emotions
Attention/perception(2)
Attention - the ability to focus on stimuli and
filter out unwanted stimuli
* Focused, sustained, selective, alternating,
divided
* Perceptual deficits- how you “see” or “interpret” the world
-Neglect: typically on the left
-Anosognosia: Denial of illness or deficit (they deny that they are “sick” and don’t take any help…blame things on others
Cognition (3)
-Planning
-Organization
-Reasoning
-Problem solving
