Study Guide for Final

Question 1

what is Primary Prevention and tell me examples

Answer 1

Prevent disease before it occurs

Examples: fluoride, sealants, oral hygiene instruction, nutrition counseling

Question 2

what is Secondary Prevention and tell me examples

Answer 2

Early detection and management to stop progression

Examples: scaling/debridement, remineralization therapy for incipient caries, early perio therapy

Question 3

what is Tertiary Prevention and what is examples

Answer 3

Replace lost tissues and restore function

Examples: dentures, implants, crown and bridge, advanced periodontal surgery

Question 4

what does pico mean?

Answer 4

P – Patient/Problem

I – Intervention

C – Comparison

O – Outcome

Question 5

what are parts of the periodontium?

Answer 5

Gingiva

Periodontal ligament (PDL)

Cementum

Alveolar bone

Question 6

Type I embrasure

Answer 6

Papilla fills space

→ Floss, floss holders

Question 7

Type II embrasure

Answer 7

Slightly reduced papilla

→ Interdental brushes (small),

Question 8

type III embrasure

Answer 8

Open interdental space

→ Large prox brushes, end-tuft brush

Question 9

Mostly gram-positive cocci (Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguinis) in what days

Answer 9

1-2

Question 10

what days do gram negative rods begin to appear

Answer 10

days 4-7

Question 11

when does mature biofilm happen?

Answer 11

day 14-21

Question 12

define Prevalence:

Answer 12

% of people affected at a given time

Question 13

define Incidence

Answer 13

number of new cases over a time period

Question 14

define Morbidity

Answer 14

disease/illness rate

Question 15

define Reliability

Answer 15

consistency of a measurement

Question 16

define Validity:

Answer 16

accuracy—does it measure what it’s supposed to?

Question 17

define Epidemiology

Answer 17

study of disease patterns in populations

Question 18

Principle of Motivational Interviewing

Answer 18

• Open-ended questions
• Affirmations
• Reflective listening
• Summaries
• Support self-efficacy
• Avoid arguing; guide patient to change their own behavior

Question 19

Toothbrushes: uses

Answer 19

• Removes biofilm, applies fluoride

Question 21

Toothbrushes: recommendations,

Answer 21

• Replace every 3 months
• Soft bristles
• Bass technique at 45° toward sulcus

Question 22

Toothbrushes: limitations

Answer 22

• Cannot reach interdental areas

Question 23

Toothbrushes: care

Answer 23

• Rinse thoroughly
• Air dry
• Do not store in closed containers

Question 24

Dentifrices: Humectant Function

Answer 24

retains moisture (glycerin, sorbitol)

Question 25

Dentifrices: Detergent Function

Answer 25

foaming cleansing (SLS)

Question 26

Dentifrices: Abrasive Function

Answer 26

cleans/stain removal (silica)

Question 27

Dentifrices: Binder Function

Answer 27

prevents separation

Question 28

Dentifrices: Flavoring Function

Answer 28

improves taste

Question 29

Dentifrices: Sweetener Function

Answer 29

non-cariogenic (xylitol)

Question 30

Dentifrices: Fluoride Function

Answer 30

anticaries

Question 31

Dentifrices: Astringent

Answer 31

- Tightens tissues - Reduces bleeding - Gives a “fresh” feeling - Examples in toothpaste: zinc, alum, witch hazel

Question 32

Fluorides: Reasons for recommending

Answer 32

- Remineralization - Reduces demineralization - Antibacterial (inhibits bacterial metabolism)

Question 33

Fluorides: community water fluoridation

Answer 33

0.7 ppm

Question 34

Fluorides: halo/diffusion effect

Answer 34

Fluoride reaching communities via processed foods/beverages

Question 35

Fluorides: white spot lesions

Answer 35

- First sign of demineralization - Reversible with fluoride

Question 36

interdental aids

Answer 36

Tight contacts → floss Open embrasures → interdental brush Bridges → floss threader / superfloss Braces → proxy brush, water flosser Implants → soft brushes, non-metal floss, superfloss Limited dexterity → floss holders, water flosser

Question 37

ORAL RINSES: Chlorhexidine (CHX)

Answer 37

- Gold standard antimicrobial - Side effects: staining, bitter taste, calculus buildup - Avoid SLS toothpaste interaction (wait 30 min)

Question 38

ORAL RINSES: Phenolic compounds (Listerine)

Answer 38

- Antimicrobial - Possible burning sensation

Question 39

5 A's

Answer 39

Ask Advise Assess Assist Arrange

Question 40

DIETARY: Cariogenic Foods

Answer 40

- Sticky carbs - Crackers, chips, sweets - Frequency > quantity

Question 41

DIETARY: RDA

Answer 41

Recommended daily allowance → nutrient intake level

Question 42

DIETARY: MyPlate Guidelines

Answer 42

- Half plate fruits/vegetables - Whole grains - Lean protein - Low-fat dairy

Question 43

SEALANTS: Purpose

Answer 43

Prevent pit & fissure caries

Question 44

SEALANTS: Indications

Answer 44

- Deep pits/fissures - Recently erupted molars - High caries risk

Question 45

SEALANTS: Contraindications

Answer 45

- Caries present - Poor isolation

Question 46

SEALANTS: Procedure

Answer 46

1. Clean 2. Isolate 3. Etch 4. Rinse 5. Dry 6. Apply 7. Cure 8. Check occlusion

Question 47

ORTHO: Oral Hygiene Instructions

Answer 47

- Soft brush, proxy brush - Water flosser - Avoid sticky foods - Brush after every meal

Question 48

BRIDGES: Types

Answer 48

- Traditional - Maryland - Cantilever

Question 49

IMPLANTS: Health Stages

Answer 49

Healthy: firm tissue, no mobility Ailing: slight inflammation Failing: deeper pockets, bone loss Failed: mobile Peri-implant mucositis: inflammation w/o bone loss Peri-implantitis: inflammation + bone loss

Question 50

IMPLANTS: Dental Professional Cleaning

Answer 50

- With implant-safe instruments only: plastic, graphite, or titanium scalers, and ultrasonic tips that are plastic- or carbon-coated. - Use non-abrasive polish or glycine/erythritol air powder. Probe gently with a plastic probe. - No stainless steel or abrasive paste, as they scratch titanium.