Study guide questions

Question 1

Time dependent Antibiotics

Answer 1

1) Beta lactams
2) Vancomycin
3) Macrolides
4) Tetracyclines

Question 2

Concentration dependent Antibiotics

Answer 2

1) Fluoroquinolones
2) Metronidazole
3) Aminoglycosides
4) Daptomycin

Question 3

Batericidal

Answer 3

1) Beta lactams
2) Vancomycin
3) Aminoglycosides
4) Oxazolidinones (strepto only)
5) Synercid
6) Fluoroquiolones

Question 4

Bacteristatic

Answer 4

1) Tetracyclines
2) Oxazolidinones
3) Macrolides/Lincosamides

Question 5

Penicillins (-cillin)

Answer 5

• Penicillin G, V
• Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
• Amp/Sulb (Unasyn), Amox/Clav (Augmentin)
• Nafcillin
• Pip/Tazo (Zosyn)

Question 6

Cephalosporins (-Cef)

Answer 6

1) Cefazolin, Cephalexin
2) Cefoxitin, Cefotetan
3) Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime
4) Cefepime
5) Ceftaroline

Question 7

Monobactams (-nam)

Answer 7

-Aztreonam

Question 8

Carbapenems (-penem)

Answer 8

• Meropenem
• Imipenem
• Doripenem
• Ertapenem

Question 9

Glycopeptides

Answer 9

-Vancomycin

Question 10

Macrolides (-thromycin)

Answer 10

• Clarithromycin
• Azithromycin
• Erithromycin

Question 11

Lincosamides

Answer 11

-Clindamycin

Question 12

Aminoglycosides

Answer 12

-Gentamicin

Question 13

Oxazolidiones (-zolid)

Answer 13

• Linezolid

- Tedizolid

Question 14

Tetracycline (-cycline)

Answer 14

• Tetracycline
• Doxycycline
• Minocycline

Question 15

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Answer 15

• Penicillins
• Cephalosporins
• Monobactams
• Carbapenems

Question 16

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 16

• Macrolides
• Lincosamides
• Aminoglycosides
• Oxazolidinones
• Tetracyclines

Question 17

Drugs that only cover gram positive

Answer 17

• Penicillins

- Oxazolidiones

Question 18

Drugs that only cover gram negative

Answer 18

• Aminoglycosides
• Azteronam
• Ceftazidime
• Cipro

Question 19

Lincosamides (Clindamycin)

Answer 19

• Covers B. frag

- Gram negative anaerob

Question 20

Aminoglycosides with cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Answer 20

-cover gram positive and negative!

Question 21

Drugs that cover MRSA

Answer 21

1) Ceftaroline
2) Vancomycin IV
3) Clindamycin
4) Oxazolidinoes
5) Tetracyclines

Question 22

Drugs that cover C. diff

Answer 22

1) Vancomycin PO

2) Metronidazole

Question 23

Drugs that cover B. frag

Answer 23

1) Unasyn
2) Augmentin
3) Zosyn
4) Cefoxitin/ cefotetan (2nd gen cephalosporins)
5) Clindamycin

Question 24

Drugs that cover P. aeruginosa

Answer 24

1) Zosyn
2) Ceftazidime
3) Cefepime
4) Aztreonam
5) Mero/Dori/Imipenem
6) Gentamicin

Question 25

Drugs that cover Atypicals

Answer 25

1) Macrolides | 2) Tetracyclines

Question 26

Drugs excreted by the liver

Answer 26

- Ceftriaxone - Clindamycin - Azithromycin - Nafcillin - Tigecycline - Moxifloxacin - Erythroycin - Doxycycline - Synercid

Question 27

Drugs that can cross the BBB

Answer 27

- 3rd and 4th gen cephalosporins (IV) - Minocycline - Penicillin

Question 28

Beta lactam MoA

Answer 28

- Covalently bind to transpeptidase | - Inhibiting cell wall formation

Question 29

Cephalosporin Coverage

Answer 29

- No activity against enterococcus - 2nd gen covers B. frag - 3rd gen (ceftriaxone/ceftaxime) drug of choice for strep pneumo - Ceftazidime; no gram+ coverage, but does cover P. aerugnosa - Also is a strong beta lactamase inducer - 4th gen cefepime covers P. aeruginosa - 5th gen Ceftaroline covers MRSA

Question 30

What does Aztreonam cover

Answer 30

- Aerobic gram negatives | - Including P. aeruginosa

Question 31

Carbapenems coverage

Answer 31

- Gram positive, gram negative, and anaerobes - Works well on Enterobacter - Can cause seizures

Question 32

Gentamicin coverage

Answer 32

- IMPROVES survival from gram negative sepsis | - Is an aminoglycoside

Question 33

Vancomycin coverage

Answer 33

-Gram positive

Question 34

Aminoglycoside + Vanco or beta lactam

Answer 34

- Work synergistically | - Treats enterococcal endocarditis

Question 35

Protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to 50s subunit

Answer 35

1) Macrolides 2) Lincosamides 3) Streptogramins 4) Oxazolidinones

Question 36

Protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to 30s subunit

Answer 36

1) Aminoglycosides | 2) Tetracyclines

Question 37

Aminoglycoside MoA

Answer 37

- Works on 30s ribosome - Blocks the initiation complex formation - Stops proofreading and ribosomal translocation - Reversible - Bacteriostatic

Question 38

Macrolides and Lincosamides MoA

Answer 38

- 50s ribosome - Blocks polypeptide exit tunnel - Reversible, bacteriostatic

Question 39

Streptogramin MoA

Answer 39

- 50s ribosome - Inhibits elongation of protein - Interferes with polypeptide chain formation - Bactericidal

Question 40

Oxazolidinones MoA

Answer 40

- Binds to 23s rRNA - Prevents ribosome assembly - Reversible, bacteriostatic

Question 41

Limitation of Aminoglycosides

Answer 41

- To get into bug inner membrane they need oxygen - Useless against anaerobes - Only work on aerobic gram negative bugs - When combined with beta lactam or vanco gentamicin improves survival in aerobic gram negative sepsis

Question 42

Post antibiotic effect (PAE)

Answer 42

-Can be caused by aminoglycoside therapy

Question 43

Aminoglycoside Black box warnings

Answer 43

- Nephrotoxicity | - Ototoxicity

Question 44

Tetracycline strength

Answer 44

- Great for atypicals a) Doxycycline- CAP, MRSA b) Minocycline- P. acnes, meningitis, STDs, MRSA

Question 45

Azithromycin half life

Answer 45

- 60hrs - Purely intracellular - Does NOT interact with P450s - Prolongs QT interval

Question 46

Clindamycin strengths

Answer 46

- Active against gram+ and anaerobes | - Works on MRSA

Question 47

Clindamycin warning

Answer 47

-C. diff diarrhea

Question 48

Synercid treats what

Answer 48

- Works on gram+ cocci except for E. faecalis | - VRE and MRSA

Question 49

Oxazolidenones (Zyvox) MoA

Answer 49

- Protein synthesis inhibitor - Active agains gram+ bacteria only - Covers MRSA and E. faecium - Bacteriostatic except for streptococcus (bactericidal)