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Question 1

Siddhartha Gautama

Answer 1

founded Buddhism

Question 2

enlightenment

Answer 2

an understanding of the cause of suffering in this world

Question 3

nirvana

Answer 3

a break from reincarnation over and over again, what people also strive to achieve by following the eightfold path

Question 4

Eightfold Path

Answer 4

the means of attaining Nirvana through Right Views, Right Resolve, Right Speech, Right Conduct, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration

Question 5

The Four Noble Truths

Answer 5

• the truth of suffering
• the truth of the cause of suffering
• the truth of the end of suffering
• the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering

understanding them leads to enlightenement

Question 6

Sangha

Answer 6

the Buddhist community of monks, nuns, novices, and laity

Question 7

Dharma

Answer 7

the universal laws of nature, which are applicable to everyone

Question 8

Vedas

Answer 8

• The aryans wrote the vedas, ancient stories of their history, those hymns become the origional thinking behind hinduism
• Four collections of prayers, hymns, and ritual instructions

Question 9

Brahmins

Answer 9

religious leaders for hinduism

Question 10

Rig Veda

Answer 10

The 1,028 hymns to the aryan gods that are a section of the vedas

Question 11

Mahabharata

Answer 11

• One of the great epics of india
• supposedly reflects the struggles that took place there, while the Aryans were trying to control the Indian lands.

Question 12

Karma

Answer 12

• Good or bad deeds
• influences specific life circumstances

Question 13

Vedic Hymns

Answer 13

religious hymns that are basiaclly prayers to gods

Question 14

Hinduism

Answer 14

doesn’t have one single creator

Question 15

Moksha

Answer 15

when a person understands relationship between atman and brahman, they’re released from life in this world

Question 16

How was the Mauryan Empire ruled under Chandragupta as opposed to Asoka?

Answer 16

war, bureocratic government –> religious tolerance, buddhism, peace

Question 17

Battle of Kalinga

Answer 17

• killed many during Asoka’s reign
• led to Asoka studying in Buddhism and ruling by its teachings

Question 18

Andhra Dynasty

Answer 18

dominated the region for hundreds of years during the period of termoil. located in the decan region

Question 19

Period of Turmoil

Answer 19

• things went bad after Asoka’s death
• “In northern and central India, regional kings challenged the imperial government.”
• kingdoms of central india regained independence
• Beginning on 185 BC, invaders poured into northern india for 500 years, disrupting Indian society.
• In southern India, there were three kingdoms never conquered by the Mauryans that were constantly at war

Question 20

what year did Chandragupta inherit the throne?

Answer 20

321 BC

Question 21

what did Chandragupta Maurya do?

Answer 21

unite India

Question 22

How did Chandragupta rule specifically?

Answer 22

• tough-minded policies to hold an empire together, including spying on the people and employing political assassination.
• a highly bureaucratic government
• divided into 4 provinces
• each one divided into local districts

Question 23

Who headed the provinces?

Answer 23

royal princes

Question 24

what did the district officials do?

Answer 24

• enforce the law
• asses taxes

Question 25

How did Chandragupta Maurya die?

Answer 25

converted to Jainism and then starved to death while fasting

Question 26

Who was Asoka? | in comparison to Chandragupta

Answer 26

Chandragupta's grandson

Question 27

How long was Asoka's rule? | what years

Answer 27

269 BC - 232 BC

Question 28

What specifically did Asoka change in the empire after his conversion to Buddhism?

Answer 28

- religious toleration - gaurenteed fair treatment towards subjects - nin-violence - extensive roads built (better communication with subjects) - improved road conditions (travel easier for officials)

Question 29

Theravada

Answer 29

any of the older traditional practices of Buddhism

Question 30

Mahayana

Answer 30

Newer, more modern, practices of Buddhism

Question 31

Budisatfa

Answer 31

person on the path to nirvana that decides to stay here to teach others

Question 32

Tamil

Answer 32

located in the South, one of many tribes that exist in the ancient world of India and are still here today, do not want to be taken over by the northern tribes (they have more Aryans in the north), they've been pushed to Sri Lanka, prodominateley become Buddhist, the mainland of India remain Hindu

Question 33

Sangha

Answer 33

a term used for the larger Buddhist community of religious leaders

Question 34

edicts

Answer 34

all throughout Asoka's empire, he laid out these buddhist statements (rules) on temples. The idea of an edict is that it's followed.

Question 35

The upinshads

Answer 35

a discussion between a student and a teacher