Study Tips - Flashcards Lippincott

Question 0

MCCs of conjunctivitis:

Answer 0

1. H.influenza
2. Adenovirus
3. S.pneumoniae

Question 1

Causes of common cold:

Answer 1

1. Rhinovirus
2. Coronavirus
3. Adenovirus
4. Influenza C virus
5. Coxsackievirus

Question 2

Five MC pediatric diseases with rash:

Answer 2

1. Measles - Measles virus
2. Rubella - Rubella virus
3. Scarlet fever - S.pyogenes
4. Roseola - HHV-6
5. Erythema infectiosum - B19

Question 3

Major difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2?

Answer 3

HSV-1 –> Above the waist –> Eye and mouth lesions.
HSV-2 –> Below the waist –> Genital lesions.
(Oral-genital sex can reverse the two).

Question 4

Organisms that cross the placenta and therefore allow infection to pass from pregnant mother to fetus (TORCHES):

Answer 4

TOxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
HErpes, HIV
Syphilis

Question 5

MC viral cause of mental retardation in US:

Answer 5

CMV

Question 6

HBV, HCV, HDV have:

Answer 6

1. Blood transmission
2. Chronic carrier state
3. Cirrhosis
4. HCC

Question 7

MCCs of aseptic meningitis:

Answer 7

1. Coxsackievirus
2. Echovirus
3. Mumps virus

Question 8

Palm & sole rash:

Answer 8

1. Syphilis
2. Rocky Mountain spotted fever
3. Coxsackievirus

Question 9

HAV, HEV have:

Answer 9

1. Oral transmission
2. No chronic carrier state
3. No cirrhosis
4. No HCC

Question 10

MCC of infectious diarrhea in infants and children?

Answer 10

Rotaviruses.

Question 11

What includes the differential diagnosis of colorado tick virus?

Answer 11

1. Rocky Mountain spotted fever

2. Tularemia

Question 12

What are the 3 viridae included in Arboviruses (ARthropod BOrne virus)?

Answer 12

1. Togaviridae –> EEE, WEE, VEE.
2. Flaviviidae –> West nile, yellow fever, dengue fever, St.Louis encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis
3. Bunyaviridae –> California encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, Sandfly fever

Question 13

MC human disease caused by an arbovirus:

Answer 13

Dengue fever

Question 14

MCC of epidemic encephalitis:

Answer 14

Japanese encephalitis virus

Question 15

MCCs of pneumonia in young children:

Answer 15

1. RSV

2. Parainfluenza virus

Question 16

MCCs of aseptic meningitis:

Answer 16

1. Coxsackievirus
2. Echovirus
3. Mumps virus

Question 17

MC helminthic infection:

Answer 17

Ascariasis - Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 18

MC parasitic cause of myocarditis:

Answer 18

Trichinosis - Trichinella spiralis

Question 19

MCCs of cystitis among sexually active women:

Answer 19

1. E.coli

2. S.saprophyticus

Question 20

When you see endocarditis with a prosthetic valve, think:

Answer 20

S.epidermidis WITHIN 60 days of valve replacement.

Viridans strep AFTER 60 days of valve replacement.

Question 21

MCCs of neonatal meningitis:

Answer 21

1. Group B strep
2. E.coli
3. Listeria

Question 22

Common causes of pneumonia in adults (40-65):

Answer 22

1. S.pneumo
2. H.influenza
3. Legionella

Question 23

Common causes of pneumonia in elderly (>65):

Answer 23

1. S.pneumoniae
2. Gram(-) rods
3. H.influenza

Question 24

MCCs of meningitis in 60+ yrs:

Answer 24

1. S.pneumoniae 2. Gram(-) rods 3. Listeria

Question 25

What is important about Listeria and Bacteroides?

Answer 25

Listeria --> Only Gram(+) with endotoxin. | Bacteroides --> Only Gram(-) without TYPICAL endotoxin.

Question 26

MCCs of meningitis 6-60yrs:

Answer 26

1. N.meningitis 2. Enterovirus 3. S.pneumoniae

Question 27

Similar nosocomial infections to K.pneumonia:

Answer 27

Serratia marcascens and Enterobacter

Question 28

MCCs of neonatal meningitis:

Answer 28

1. GBS 2. E.coli 3. Listeria

Question 29

MCCs of neonatal pneumonia:

Answer 29

1. GBS | 2. E.coli

Question 30

4 "F's" of Shigella transmission:

Answer 30

Fingers, flies, food, feces.

Question 31

3 Common causes of diarrhea:

Answer 31

1. Rotavirus 2. C.jejuni 3. ETEC

Question 32

MCCs of meningitis in 6 months - 6 yrs:

Answer 32

1. S.pneumoniae 2. N.meningitis 3. H.influenza type B - Hib vaccine has reduced incidence.

Question 33

Common causes of atypical pneumonia:

Answer 33

1. Mycoplasma 2. Legionella 3. Chlamydia 4. Viruses

Question 34

The only live-attenuated vaccines for BACTERIA:

Answer 34

1. F.tularensis | 2. BCG for TB

Question 35

Palm and sole rash:

Answer 35

1. Syphilis 2. Rocky Mountain spotted fever 3. Coxsackievirus

Question 36

MC diseases in the U.S. spread by vectors:

Answer 36

1. Lyme disease 2. Rocky Mountain spotted fever 3. Tularemia

Question 37

MCCs of pneumonia in adults:

Answer 37

1. Mycoplasma 2. C.pneumoniae 3. S.pneumoniae

Question 38

Difference between Chlamydiae and Rickettsiae:

Answer 38

Chlamydiae --> replicate within inclusion bodies. | Rickettsiae --> within cytoplasm.

Question 39

Common causes of non gonococcal urethritis:

Answer 39

1. C.trachomatis | 2. Ureaplasma urealyticum

Question 40

MCC of fungal meningitis:

Answer 40

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 41

Diarrhea caused by protozoa:

Answer 41

Bloody --> E.histolytica Fatty --> G.lamblia Watery --> C.parvum

Question 42

MCC of aseptic meningitis:

Answer 42

1. Coxsackievirus 2. Echovirus 3. Mumps virus

Question 43

MCC of infectious diarrhea in infants and young children:

Answer 43

Rotavirus

Question 44

MC disease by an arbovirus:

Answer 44

Dengue fever

Question 45

MCC of epidemic encephalitis:

Answer 45

Japanese encephalitis virus.

Question 46

MCC of pneumonia in young children:

Answer 46

1. RSV | 2. Parainfluenza virus

Question 47

Exotoxins that cause INCREASED cAMP/cGMP:

Answer 47

V.cholerae --> cholera toxin. E.coli (LT toxin and ST toxin) B.pertussis --> Pertussis toxin

Question 48

Exotoxins that inhibits protein synthesis:

Answer 48

1. C.diphtheriae --> Diphtheria toxin 2. P.aeruginosa --> Exotoxin A 3. S.dysenteriae --> Shiga toxin 4. E.coli --> Shiga-like toxin

Question 49

Exotoxins that block the release of neurotransmitters:

Answer 49

1. C.tetani --> tetanospasmin | 2. C.botulinum --> Botulinum toxin