IT
study, design, development, application, implementation, support/mgt of computer based IS
Hardware
any physical items that comprises a computer system
-monitor, keyboard, mouse, microchips, disk drive (anything that can be touched)
Software
combo of programs (manipulate data) and instruct hardware
- provides instruction to hdwr; serves as input to other software
- intangible
Network
collection of hdwr devices interconnected to communicate among themselves
-share and communicate data (internet, intranet)
Data
info stored in hdwr
BIS
business info system in any combo of hdwr, sftwr, data, ppl, procedures employed to pursue org obj
Strategic roles of BIS suppor
business processes and ops
DM (create A/R aging report to know customer’s credit)
mgrs in future planning
Stakeholders
those who affect or are affected by output of IS
- interest in effective and efficient functioning
- mgrs, employees, suppliers, customers
RSS
rich site summary
allows content of website w/frequent changes to be pulled and fed to user’s computer
-saves time
cloud computing
apps and data stored on internet
advantage
- low infrastructure and maint costs
- more mobility
- less personnel and utility costs
disadvantage
- less ctrl
- more difficult to ensure privacy/security
- less compatible with existing tools/sftwr
TPS
most common type of system used in BIS
trans is single discrete event that can be stored in IS (movement of RM from storage to production, issue PO, sale)
captures data that reflects economic life of org (example- AIS)
Transaction processing modes
way system updated with new data
- batch
- online
Centralized IT Structure
central location users connect to mainframe via "dumb terminals" (monitor and keyboard combo w/o processing pwr) adv -consistent processing -better more efficient security
Decentralized IT structure
each branch stores and processes data onsite and transmits results overnight to mainframe at home office
adv
- more accountability over data process
- no bottlenecks of traffic over ntwk
Data capture
entering data into IS
two types
-batch-group of records at one time
-online- single records w/ user getting immediate feedback
POS trans help mgt
ID and respond to trends make sales forecasts determine product demand improve customer svc target products to customer from different demos evaluate effects of promotions
Processing
convert raw data into usable info
performed by hdwr and sftwr
Types of data files
master- static (vendor #, name, address) or volatile (general ledger file-holds balances of all accts in ledger)
transaction- reflect ongoing business activity, indiv purchases from vendors or general j.e.
REA Processing
Resources, Events, Agents processing
uses double entry (debit and credit) by single entry
uses relational database to store/process trans
each trans (event) stored in table chron and linked to other table with trans details
process thru queries to table
-calculate sales for pd by summing and AR balance for pd end by summing
REA
advantages vs disadvantages
advantages
- debits & credits not considered
- no GL is maintained, balances calculated thru queries
- ad hoc reports easily produced (list of customers who purchased products bet certain dates)
disadvantage
- costly
- lots of computer storage and processing needed
- accountants and auditors unfamiiar, training needs are high and acceptance may be low
Push reporting
electronic distribution of reports digitally to personnel
MIS
receives input from trans processing systems, aggregates it, report in form for mgt
classified by function or activity
-acctg, finance, mfg, logistics, mkting, HR
stovepipe systems
single function systems
limited focus
being replaced by integrated systems linking multi business activities, most cmprehensive is ERP
AIS
subsystem of MIS
processes routine, highly structured financial/trans data relevant to mgrl/financial acctg
concern
- trans w/ ext parties (follow GAAP)
- internal activies in cost acctg systems, prep of related report/analyses (pro forma, budget)
