1
Q
obverse
A
change it from affirmative to negative, or vice versa
replace predicate with complimentary term
2
Q
converse
A
switch positions of the subject and predicate
3
Q
contrapostive
A
switch position of subject and predicate
replace both terms with complimentary term
4
Q
Argument is valid when
A
Truth of premises guarantees truth of its conclusion
5
Q
Rules of distribution
A
- cannot be more negative claims in premise than in conclusion
- at least one premise must distribute middle term
- any term distributed in conlcusion must be distributed in premise
