Physiology Part 1 > stuff to study > Flashcards

stuff to study Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

what are some things that are only innervated by sympathetic [not para]

A
  • vasculature
  • adrenals
  • liver
  • ventricles of heart
  • skeletal muscle blood vessels
  • sweat glands
  • ## pancreas B cells
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2
Q

What is normal PR interval length?

A

120-200 ms

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3
Q

What is normal QRS?

A

less than 120 ms

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4
Q

What is normal HR?

A

60-100 bpm

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5
Q

What is mech of digoxin?

A

inhibit NA/K atpase

thus increase contractility

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6
Q

Is NO released in response to high or low local flow?

A

low local flow

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7
Q

Na-K ATPase – what in and what out? depolarizing or repolarizing in total?

A
  • 3 Na out for 2 K in

- repolarizing

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8
Q

NCX - what in and what out? depolarizing or repolarizing in total?

A
  • 3 Na in for 1 Ca out

- depolarizing

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9
Q

Na conc in and out of cell?

A

in cell = 10 mM

extracellular = 140 mM

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10
Q

K conc in and out of cell?

A

in cell = 140 mM

extracellular = 5 mM

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11
Q

Equilibrium potential equation?

A

Ex = Vi - Vo = RT/zF * ln [Co / Ci]

RT/F = 25 mV

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12
Q

Is there troponin in smooth muscle?

A

NO! only skeletal/cardiac

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13
Q

Is calmodulin important in cardiac muscle?

A

No! only smooth

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14
Q

Does smooth muscle contraction require action potential?

A

No - but skeletal/cardiac do

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15
Q

What activates MLCK? what inhibits?

A
  • Ca/calmodulin binding activates MLCK

- cAMP inhibits MLCK

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16
Q

What type of G protein is a1 receptor? what secondary messenger path?

A
  • Gq
  • activates phospholipase C that activates PIP2 to DAG and IP3
  • DAG activates Protein kinase C [PKC]
  • IP3 causes release of stored Ca
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17
Q

What type of G protein is B receptor? what secondary messenger path?

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A
  • Gs

- increases cAMP

18
Q

What is affect of a1 in eyes?

Study These Flashcards
A

causes pupil dilation [mydriasis]

19
Q

What type of G receptor is M1? secondary messenger path?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Gq

- increases IP3/DAG

20
Q

What type of G receptor is M2? where is it? what secondary messenger path?

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A
  • Gi/o
  • in heart and smooth muscle
  • inhibits CAMP –> decreases PKA
  • B-gamma subunit also activates K+ channel to hyperpolarize
21
Q

What secondary messenger action of a2?

Study These Flashcards
A

decreases cAMP

22
Q

What type of G receptor is M2? secondary messenger?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Gq

- via IP3/DAG

23
Q

What important drug we talk about can cross blood brain barrier?

Study These Flashcards
A

physostigmine

24
Q

What happens with exogenous ACh in vasculature?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • goes to M receptors in vasculature that normally not innervated
  • causes NO release and vasodilation
25
What is the reflex response in hexomenthonium?
none because it blocks ganglia
26
What is dominant tone of eyes? what does this mean for pupil? with a ganglion blocker
- parasympathetic, aka pupil constriction | - with ganglion blocker get mydriasis
27
What is equilibrium potential for K
- 90 mV
28
what is equilibrium potential for Ca
+130 mV
29
What is equilibrium potential for Na
+ 70 mV
30
At what voltage does Na channel open
- 60 mV
31
At what voltage does Ca channel open
- 40 mV
32
In which contractions does Ca need to enter to get CICR by RyR? in which does it not need to enter?
- does not need to enter in skeletal | - needs to enter in cardiac
33
When does kIr open?
-90 mV
34
What makes up funny current? depolarizing or repolarizing?
mostly Na, some K | depolarizing
35
What is B stimulation of L type Ca?
- get increased PKA and increased L type Ca phosphorylation | - causes channels to open fully at lower voltage
36
What is function of epidydmis? what type of epithelium?
- location of sperm maturation and storage | - pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
37
What is the site of spermatogenesis?
testes
38
What produces majority of seminal fluid?
seminal vesicle
39
What type of epithelium in vas deferens?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
40
what type of epithelium in urethra?
transitional epithelium
41
what does caffeine do to intestinal secretion, via what secondary messenger?
- increased secretions | - via cAMP
42
What are 4 counterregulatory hormones to insulin
- glucagon - cortisol - GH - epinephrine
Physiology Part 1
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