Stuttering

Question 1

stutter-like disfluencies (SLDs)

Answer 1

• repetitions
• prolongations
• blocks
• struggles and reactions

Question 2

disfluency

Answer 2

involuntary disruptions in the flow of speech

Question 3

repetitions

Answer 3

repeating parts of words

Question 4

types of repetitions

Answer 4

• repeat phrases
• part word repetitions
• 1 syllable word repetitions

Question 5

prolongations

Answer 5

stretching sounds

Question 6

blocks

Answer 6

difficulty getting a word out

Question 7

signs and symptoms of disfluencies

Answer 7

• interjection
• revision
• incomplete thought
• secondary behavior

Question 8

interjections

Answer 8

adding sounds and words

Question 9

revision

Answer 9

changing words in a sentence

Question 10

secondary behavior examples

Answer 10

head nodding, eye blinking, word avoidance

Question 11

causes of disfluency

Answer 11

• family history
• brain difference
• gender (boys more likely)

Question 12

when does stuttering begin

Answer 12

between 2 and 6

Question 13

typical disfluency age

Answer 13

≤ 6 months

Question 14

what will an slp look at in stuttering

Answer 14

• disfluency type and number
• child’s reaction
• if child tries to fix or correct their speech

Question 15

who does stutter treatment include

Answer 15

• the stutterer
• the family
• the educators

Question 16

what does stutter treatment depend on

Answer 16

• how often the child stutters
• child’s reaction
• impact of the stutter
• how others react
• child’s age

Question 17

preschooler stutter treatment

Answer 17

• direct strategies (help child change how they speak)
• indirect strategies (make it easier for the child to talk)

Question 18

indirect strategy examples

Answer 18

slow speech, ask fewer questions

Question 19

older children/adult stutter treatment

Answer 19

• manage stutter
• lessen anxiety

Question 20

dysfluency

Answer 20

the disruption of the forward flow and timing of speech by repetition of sounds, syllables, words, sound prolongations, or blocking

Question 21

fluency disorders

Answer 21

• developmental stammering
• acquired/late onset stammering
• atypical fluency disorders
• cluttering

Question 22

cluttering

Answer 22

• speech organization disorder
• excessive normal disfluencies, little/no physical struggle when speaking, few secondary behaviors
• irregular speaking rate (pauses too short, long, or improperly placed)
• limited awareness of their fluency problems
• temporary improvement when asked to slow down/pay attention
• mispronunciation and slurring

Question 23

fluency requirements

Answer 23

• hearing
• attention and listening skills
• expressive language
• receptive language
• articulation and phonology
• voice
• facilitative environment (no pressure)

Question 24

typical dysfluencies

Answer 24

• repetitions
• revisions
• pauses

Question 25

early stuttering

Answer 25

- sound repetitions, prolongations, blocks, or struggles - secondary behaviors

Question 26

differential diagnosis

Answer 26

total % of syllables stuttered

Question 27

person considered a stutterer if ...

Answer 27

- > 2% atypical dysfluencies - > 10% typical dysfluencies - negative response to stutter

Question 28

atypical disfluencies

Answer 28

- autism spectrum disorder (palilalia, echolalia) - acquired neurogenic/psychogenic stuttering (trauma induced)

Question 29

palilalia definition and example

Answer 29

- instant repetition of a phrase or part of a phrase - ex: I want to go to the shops…to the shops

Question 30

echolalia

Answer 30

- repetition without meaning - A: How are you? B: How are you?