Sulfonomides

Question 0

Nitrofurantoin (Furdantin) and
Nitrofurantoin Macrocrystals (Macrobid, Macrodantin)

Answer 0

Therapeutic class- antibacterial

Pharmacologic class – urinary tract antiseptic

Pregnancy category B

Contraindications –
Renal impairment
Pregnancy or neonate <1 month old
Diffuse interstitial pneumonitis or pulmonary fibrosis

Adverse effects –
Hypersensitivity reactions
Anorexia
Headache
Rash
Nausea
Vomiting

Patient family teaching –

• Report difficulty breathing, changes in urination (other than brown discoloration), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, chest pain, cough, fever, vision changes, unusual bleeding, yellowing of skin, or light colored stools
• Urine may have harmless brown color
• Consult provider on fluid intake
• immediately report severe or persistent diarrhea with fever; no OTC treatments
• Report if no improvement after a few days
• Do not breast-feed

Question 1

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrium, Septra)

Answer 1

Therapeutic classification- antibacterial

Pharmacologic class-folic acid inhibitor, sulfonamide

Pregnancy category C

Contraindications-
Hypersensitivity to sulfites, sulfonamides, or chemically related agents
Folate deficiency anemia
Severe renal impairment
Hyperkalemia

Adverse effects-
Nausea and vomiting
Skin rash
Pruritis
Fever
Photosensitivity

Patient family teaching-
Immediately report a rash, fever, purpura, sore throat, or jaundice
Drink 2 to 3 L (1 L is approximately equal to 1 quart) of fluids daily
Immediately reports severe or persistent diarrhea with fever; no OTC remedies
Report no improvement after a few days of therapy
Do not breast-feed