Summary

Question 1

Depression

Answer 1

Monoamine hypothesis: 5HT and NA

Question 2

Bipolar

Answer 2

5HT and NA

- lithium and mood stabilisers

Question 3

Schizophrenia

Answer 3

• Disturbed and hyperactive dopaminergic signal transduction

- DA D2 antagonist

Question 4

PD

Answer 4

• Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc
• Presence of lewy bodies (a-synuclein)
• Levadopa

Question 5

HD

Answer 5

> 36 trinucleotide repeats

• inclusion bodies
• tetrabenazine: chorea symptoms

Question 6

MND

Answer 6

• Genetic (recessive mutation)
• Excitotoxicity (loss of glial glutamate transporters -> excess glutamate)
• Oxidative stress (SOD-1 mutation)
• Riuzole: NMDA antagonist

Question 7

MS

Answer 7

• autoimmune demylinating disorder

- detection: MRI (detecting plaques in brain) and CSF (Increased igG and oligoclonal bands)

Question 8

AD

Answer 8

• Ameloid precursor protein: helps neuron grow/repair
• If bd with b-secretase -> insoluble -> ameloid beta -> sticks together -> beta ameloid plaques -> disrupt signalling and cause inflammation
• Neurofibrillary tangles inside neuron
• Cholinergic hypothesis: decrease in choline acetyltransferase (synthesis ACh)
• Treatment: achetylcholineserase inhibitors

Question 9

CTE

Answer 9

• Irregular depositions of hyperphosphorylated tau in superficial cortical layers at base of sulci and surrounding BVs