Superficial Neck

Question 1

Cranial Nerves that carry parasympathetic fibers

Answer 1

III

VII

IX

X

Question 2

Foramens in Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 2

1. Vertebral foramen (spinal cord)
2. Transverse foramen (vertebral artery)

Question 3

Vertebral artery

Answer 3

• Vascularizes spinal cord and brain
• branch of subclavian artery
• enters foramen magnum at atlas

Question 4

Atlanto Occipital Joint

Answer 4

• Condyloid Synovial joint
• between superior articular facet of atlas and **occipital condyle **
• ****allows “yes” movement
• Jefferson Fracture - compression in cervical region

Question 5

Atlanto-Axial Joint

Answer 5

• “No” movment
• 3 Synovial joints:
  
  • (1) between Dens and Anterior arch - Pivot
  • (2) between opposing articulations - gliding joint
• Hangman’s Fractures - quadraplegia if spinal cord injured

Question 6

Larynx

Answer 6

• Phonating mechanism
• gaurds and maintains patent airway
• between C4-C6

Question 7

3 Cartilages of Larynx (cranial to caudal)

Answer 7

1. Epiglottic cartilage
2. Thyroid cartilage
3. Cricoid cartilage

Question 8

Hyoid Bone

Answer 8

• from 2nd/3rd pharyngeal arches
• opposite C3/C4
• no articulations, just attachment for **hyoid muscles **

Question 9

Hyoid Muscles

Answer 9

• Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid groups
• Functions
  
  • Swallowing
  • Accessory Chewing

Question 10

Suprahyoid Muscles

Answer 10

1. Mylohyoid
2. Digastric Muscle
3. Stylohyoid Muscle

Question 11

Mylohyoid Muscle

Answer 11

• Floor of mouth
• Innervation - CN V3

Question 12

Digastric Muscle

Answer 12

1. Anterior Belly - attached to mandible
   
   1. Innervation - CN V3
2. Posterior Belly - attached to mastoid process
   
   1. Innervation - CN VII

Question 13

Stylohyoid

Answer 13

• attached to styloid process and **hyoid bone **
• Innervation - CN VII

Question 14

Trigeminal Nerve

Answer 14

• 5th Cranial nerve (CN V)

has 3 major branches V1, V2, V3

Question 15

Infrahyoid Muscles

Answer 15

1. Sternohyoid
2. Sternothyroid
3. Thyrohyoid
4. Omohyoid (superior/inferior bellies)

• all EXCEPT Thyrohyoid innervated by ansa cervicalis (motor part of cervical plexus)
• Thyrohyoid innervated by C1

Question 16

Cervical Plexus

Answer 16

• ****made from ventral rami C1-C4 spinal nerves
• sensory (Cutaneous) and motor (Ansa cervicalis)

Question 17

Ansa Cervicalis

Answer 17

• unity of superior (C1) and inferior (C2 & C3) roots
• motor innervation to infrahyoid muscles

Question 18

Sensory part of Cervical Plexus

Answer 18

• Cutaneous to neck/shoulder
• Exit behind Sternocleidomastoid

1. Lesser Occipital (C2)
2. Greater auricular (C2&C3)
3. Transverse cervical (C2&C3)
4. Supraclavicular nerves (C3&C4)

Question 19

Strernocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)

Answer 19

• Function: Flexes neck (bilaterally); turns face to opposite side (unilaterally)
• Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
• divides neck into anterior and posterior triangles

Question 20

Cervical Fascia

Answer 20

1. **Superficial Cervical Fascia **
   
   1. has platysma muscle (shaving muscle)
   2. innervated by CN VII
2. Deep Cervical Fascia
   
   1. Investing Layer
      
      1. Surrounds Trapezius & **SCM **
   2. Prevertebral Layer
      
      1. extends sideways as axillary sheath
   3. Pretracheal Layer
      
      1. Muscular layer - surrounds infrahyoids
      2. Visceral layer - surrounds thyroid, trachea, **esophagus **

Question 21

Carotid Sheath contains

Answer 21

1. Common Carotid Artery
2. Internal Jugular Vein (IJV)
3. Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Question 22

Investing Layer

Answer 22

Question 23

Pretracheal Layer

Answer 23

Question 24

Prevertebral Layer

Answer 24

Question 25

Cervical Triangles

Answer 25

1. Anterior Triangle 2. Posterior Triangle

Question 26

Anterior Triangles

Answer 26

1. Submandibular Triangle 2. Submental Triangle 3. Muscular Triangle 4. Carotid Triangle

Question 27

Submandibular Triangle

Answer 27

* Submandibular gland * Facial artery & vein

Question 28

Muscular Triangle

Answer 28

* Infrahyoid muscle * part of anterior jugular vein

Question 29

Carotid Triangle

Answer 29

* Carotid sheath (IJV, CN X, Common Carotid artery) * Ansa Cervicalis * Hypoglossal nerve

Question 30

Bifurcations of the Common Carotid Artery

Answer 30

* Internal and External carotids * External branches into * Superior thyroid artery * Lingual artery * Facial artery

Question 31

Posterior Triangle Contents

Answer 31

* Sensory branch of cervical plexus (Erb's point) * External jugular vein * Spinal accessory nerve * Root of brachial plexus

Question 32

Spinal Accessory Nerve

Answer 32

* C1-C5 * exits skull via **jugular foramen** * travels w/ **vagus nerve** * innervates with **SOMATIC MOTOR FIBERS** * SCM * Trapezius * Traverses **posterior triangle**