Supplements

Question 1

What is esterification

Answer 1

It’s a process that helps to retain the shelf life of supplements 

Question 2

Where is selenium, chromium, iron, magnesium zinc absorbed?

Answer 2

The duodenum

Question 3

Where are the vitamins, biotin, vitamin C, colon and inositol absorbed?

Answer 3

The jejunum

Question 4

Where is vitamin B12 absorbed?

Answer 4

The ilium

Question 5

Which three medications can interact with zinc supplementation?

Answer 5

Antibiotics
Aspirin
Proton pump inhibitors

Question 6

What are four well absorbed types of iron supplement?

Answer 6

Ferrous citrate- well absorbed and generally tolerated well

Ferrous fumarate- well absorbed but may inhibit vitamin E absorption

Ferrous sulphate: the most studied form which can be given in higher doses and other forms. It can cause nausea and constipation and it also may interfere with vitamin E absorption.

Ferrous bisglycinate - a gentle iron good for clients with IBS or gut reactive symptoms. Claim to be highlighted by available without the adverse effects of ferrous sulphate.

Question 7

What are the pros and cons of?

Tablets
Capsules
Powders
Liquids

Answer 7

Tablets - cheaper, easier to produce large quantities but contain more excipient

Capsules - few excipients but not efficient for large doses

Powders - good for bigger doses but not suitable for ingredients to attract moisture

Liquids - excellent absorption but more expensive and less stable

Question 8

Picolinate are natural chills for the absorption of certain minerals in the small intestine. The two most common minerals used with pollinates are:

Answer 8

Zinc

Chromium

Question 9

Which of the B vitamins makes urine bright yellow?

Answer 9

B2

Question 10

What are the benefits of liposomal supplement forms?

Answer 10

High bioavailability and absorption

Have increased uptake to the cells

Have a protective phospholipid bilayer to protect the ingredients

Increase oral uptake of the nutrient

Suitable for both water and fat soluble nutrients

Question 11

What are the potential adverse reactions of vitamin C supplementation?

Answer 11

Bowel tolerance - can I have a triggering effect on the bowel so start low?

Haemochromatosis- because vitamin C increases the body’s ability to absorb iron. Those with this condition should not supplement with high dose vitamin C.

Can alter test results of other blood markers so don’t take it for at least 10 hours before testing

Question 12

Can high dose vitamin C (ascorbic acid) be used in detoxification profiles?

Answer 12

Yes, it is an antioxidant which when excreted from the body takes free radicals with it

Question 13

What is the benefit of bioflavonoids in vitamin C supplementation?

Answer 13

These beneficial compounds such as quercetin are often added to vitamin C supplements. They were logistically to deliver extra immune benefits and may help to increase by your availability.

Question 14

What is GMP?

Answer 14

This refers to ‘good manufacturing practice’ and is the minimum standard that the medicines manufacturer must meet in its production processes.

Products must :

Be a consistent high-quality
Be appropriate for their intended use
Meet the requirements of the marketing authorisation or product specification

Question 15

What are the three classifications of supplements from a legislation perspective

Answer 15

1. Licensed medicines regulated by the medicines and healthcare product regulatory agency (MHRA).
2. Unlicensed preparations which are under the remit of the Department of health in England. Compliance is monitored forced by local trading standard authorities.
3. Herbal products regulated by the traditional herbal medicines (THM) directive which is administered in the UK by the MHRA.

Question 16

What is the most commonly used form of vitamin E?

How much more biologically active is it than the synthetic form?

Answer 16

It is the natural form D-alpha-tocopherol

It is 1.4 times more biologically active than the synthetic form

Question 17

New sources of vitamins and minerals must be approved by

Answer 17

The European food safety authority (EFA)

Question 18

What type of mineral carrier has been found to be superior for chromium, zinc, and manganese

Answer 18

Picolinate

Question 19

Which is the orthodox form of iron supplementation which can cause norther and constipation

Answer 19

Ferrous sulphate

Question 20

Which form of calcium requires more HCL for absorption than other forms?

Answer 20

Calcium carbonate

Question 21

Where does absorption of B12 man occur within the body?

Answer 21

The ilium

Question 22

Which three other nutrients does magnesium absorption require?

Answer 22

Vitamin B6, D and selenium

Question 23

What is the minimum daily requirement for dietary macro minerals?

Answer 23

100 mg

Question 24

Would be vitamin results in the urine becoming yellow

Answer 24

B2

Question 25

Give three reasons why synthetic supplements might be useful

Answer 25

1. Food state supplements may not be enough to supply the optimal dosage when someone has a high nutritional no requirement due to poor dietary habits and lifestyle, environmental factors and chronic health conditions 2. Synthetic supplements are often ideal for detoxification. If you use a phobic acid, the most common synthetic form of vitamin C, it will be rapidly exquisite from the body but will take a significant amount of free radicals with it, providing the desired outcome. 3. Sensitivity to foods or fillers and food based products, such as gluten or nightshades, can cause more severe reactions; isolated, synthetic nutrient products may work better for some sensitive people.

Question 26

What medication may deplete chromium level levels?

Answer 26

Oral corticosteroids

Question 27

Which mineral would high doses of zinc inhibit the metabolism of?

Answer 27

Copper

Question 28

What is one vantage and one disadvantage of capsules being used for supplements?

Answer 28

Tends to be low on excipient But it is not efficient for large doses

Question 29

What are three advantages of amino acid chelates

Answer 29

Extends the length of absorption sites to larger portions of the small intestine The body treated as a peptide is efficient and absorbing amino acids Bypasses competitive absorption that can occur between different minerals (this is because it is in disguise as an amino acid). It’s absorbed as a protein instead of as a mineral.

Question 30

When referred to a natural supplement, how much of the product must be natural?

Answer 30

10 %

Question 31

What dose of potassium would lead to hyperkalaemia and tachycardia?

Answer 31

15 g daily For this reason, supplementing with calcium is rare

Question 32

What are the active forms of vitamin B12?

Answer 32

Methylcobalamin Adenosylcobakamin