SWA PREP Flashcards

Question

Explain SMART objectives

Answer 1

Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant Time Band

Answer 2

skillset and interventions you are allowed to or licensced to to/perform with regard to your level of clinical training

Answer 3

- EMS regulator in Ireland - Publishes CPG's - Licences and governs all pre-hospital practitioners - sets the guidelines for scope of practice - protects the patient

Answer 4

2 or more adjacent ribs broken in 2 or more places

Answer 5

the flail chest segment does not expand upon breathing. The chest is rising except for the part that is not. As the patient is breathing in it looks like the chest is not rising but going in instead.

Answer 6

a disease characterised by the body's inability to metabolise glucose sufficiently. The condition occurs either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the cells do not respond to the effects of the insulin that is produced.

Answer 7

usually starts in childhood and requires daily injections of supplemental synthetic insulin to control blood glucose

Answer 8

usually starts later in life and can often be controlled through diet and or oral medication

Answer 9

high blood sugar that develops during pregnancy and usually stops after giving birth. It happens when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet the body'd extra needs during pregnancy

Answer 10

abnormally high blood glucose level, above 20mmol/l

Answer 11

abnormally low blood glucose level, below 4mmol/l

Answer 12

painful or difficult urination

Answer 13

loss of or deficiency in the ability to use or understand language as a result of injury to or disease in the brain

Answer 14

shortness of breath: sensation of not being able to get enough air into the lungs. tight chest gasping for air working harder to breathe

Answer 15

difficulty in swallowing

Answer 16

excessive thirst or excessive drinking

Answer 17

urination at night

Answer 18

urine output less than 1mL/kg/h in infants and less than 400mL or 500mL per 24hrs in adults

Answer 19

the excessive passage of urine

Answer 20

excessive appetite or eating

Answer 21

air in the pleural cavity

Answer 22

blood in the pleural cavity

Answer 23

air in the pleural space as a result of an open wound in the chest wall

Answer 24

an accumulation of air in the pleural cavity, which progressively collapses the lung. increased pressure compresses the lungs/heart/major blood vessels

Answer 25

- decreased breath sounds on the affected side - Jugular Vein Distension - tracheal deviation - hyper resonance - unequal chest rise - decreased SPO2 - dyspnoea - Hypotension

Answer 26

0.12-0.2 seconds

Answer 27

Less than 0.12 seconds

Answer 28

ST elevation in 2 or more contiguous leads ( 2mm in V2/V3, or 1mm in all other leads) or new onset LBBB

Answer 29

Injuries including a stretch or tear to the ligament or a joint that commonly leads to pain and swelling

Answer 30

Break or rupture of the bone

Answer 31

Stretching or tearing of a muscle by excessive stretching or overuse

Answer 32

The displacement of a bone from its normal position within a joint

Answer 33

Inflammation of the bursa that cushion the joints

Answer 34

Whooping cough Highly infectious bacterial disease involving the respiratory tract

Answer 35

Highly communicable viral disease characterised by fever, conjunctivitis, coughing, blotchy red rash, incubation period of ten days. After the patient is usually immune

Answer 36

How much air moves in and out in one respiratory cycle, average of 500-600mls per breath

Answer 37

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum forced expiration Average: 1200mls

Answer 38

Sum of residual volume plus vital capacity Average: 6000mls

Answer 39

Exchange of gases between the lungs and blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries

Answer 40

Gas exchange in the body occurs by diffusion. Gas moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 41

Deltoid muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Gluteus maximus muscle

Answer 42

< 6mnths: 10mcg/kg 6mnth- <6yrs: 150mcg >/=6yrs - <12yrs: 300mcg >/= 12yrs: 300mcg is child is small or prepubital or 500mcg

Answer 43

Headache Dizziness Nausea and vomiting Hypotension

Answer 44

Palpitations Angina like symptoms Tachyarrythmias Hypertension

Answer 45

KSAR and phaechromocytoma

Answer 46

The mucus membrane moistens air, filters and traps debris, protects against infection. The cilia are tiny hair like structures that help move mucus up towards the throat

Answer 47

SPO2 < 92% BVM ineffective GCS= 3 RR< 9

Answer 48

50% oxygen 50% nitrous oxide

Answer 49

CNS depressant and analgesic

Answer 50

Shock Chest Injury ALOC Recent scuba dive Inhalation Injury Decompression sickness intestinal obstruction Carbon monoxide poisoning KSAR

Answer 51

Disinhibition Decreased LOC Light headedness

Answer 52

Warm the cylinder using ambulance heater and blankets Invert cylinder at least 3 times to ensure gases mix

Answer 53

Two types: Pin index cylinder is blue, with a blue and white segmented collar The CD cylinder is white with ENTONOX written in blue on the cylinder, sometimes the cylinder has blue and white shoulders

Answer 54

The pressure created with the arterial system by the contraction of the ventricular mass and the pumping of blood into systemic circulation

Answer 55

The pressure within the arterial system during diastole and relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, when the heart is momentarily at rest

Answer 56

Pain and loss of movement Patient may guard the arm or have it in a fixed position There may also be a deforming where the humeral head protrudes anteriorly underneath the pectoris

Answer 57

CHUMS CPR clavicle x1 Humerus x1 Ulna x1 Meta carpals x5 Scapula x1 Carpals x8 Phalanges x14 Radius x1

Answer 58

Inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissue to meet metabolic demands

Answer 59

The circulation of oxygen and nutrients to the cells, organs, and tissues of the body

Answer 60

Also called shock, the level of tissue perfusion decreases below what is required to maintain normal cellular function

Answer 61

Altered mental status Tachycardia Hypotension Diminished urine output Laboured and irregular breathing Absent/thready peripheral pulses Mottled/cyanotic skin Dilated pupils

Answer 62

Located between the pons and dicephalon Responsible for: motor control, eye movement, pain modulation; visual and auditory reflex’s

Answer 63

The pons is part of the brainstem, located above the medulla olbangata and below the midbrain Responsible for the transmission of signals from the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord

Answer 64

Comprised of white matter and extends through the core of the brain stem. Supplies impulses to the cerebral cortex to enhance excitability

Answer 65

Air is inhaled through the nose/mouth where it is filtered by hairs and cilia to remove dust particles. Nasal canal humidifies and regulates the temperature of inhaled air

Answer 66

Passage for food, liquid and air. Leads from both the nose and mouth and leads to the trachea and oesophagus

Answer 67

Voice box situated just above the trachea and has a flap called the epiglottis, which closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea, and opens during breathing

Answer 68

Air enters the trachea which is situated behind the sternum between the two lungs

Answer 69

From the trachea, two bronchi (one for each lung) divide and subdivide into secondary and tertiary bronchi, getting narrower as they proceed into the lung

Answer 70

The tertiary bronchi branch into fine tuboles called bronchioles, the last passageway for air

Answer 71

Air ends its pathway in the alveoli which are tiny air sacs with very fine single cell walls. These alveoli are surrounded by capillaries that connect the pulmonary arteries and veins and that allow the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 72

Inflammation of the mucous membrane in the trachea and bronchi. Inflammation causes an increase in mucous production Excess mucous can cause coughing and difficulty in breathing The inflammation causes the bronchi to swell and narrow which can cause a wheeze, SOB, and a tight feeling in the chest. There is also a reduction in oxygen exchange

Answer 73

A temporary condition typically caused by viral infection

Answer 74

Typically caused by smoking or consistent smoke inhalation over a long period of time. It is caused by permanent damage done to the respiratory system

Answer 75

Increased symptoms such as coughing and mucous production. The mucous can become a darker and thicker sputum. Other signs include a wheeze, fever, SOB, tight feeling in the chest

Answer 76

Bacterial infection, severe inflammation of the epiglottis, life-threatening.

Answer 77

Viral infection of the upper airway: larynx and trachea.

Answer 78

Also known as Rubella, viral infection, cold-like symptoms with a rash, highly infectious.

Answer 79

Viral infection, highly infectious, starts as red spots that fill with fluid, then crust over, also slight fever.

Answer 80

Narrowing from swelling of lower airways that makes breathing difficult, can progress to a life-threatening condition.

Answer 81

Inadequate oxygen perfusion of tissues and cells due to insufficient blood volume, inadequate cardiac function, or disruption to the circulation of blood.

Answer 82

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord due to viral infection (common) or bacterial infection (less common).

Answer 83

Whooping cough, bacterial infection, highly contagious, affecting children, sudden uncontrollable dry cough of the upper airway.

Answer 84

Purplish discoloration of the skin caused by permeable vessels leaking blood under the skin, non-blanching rash.

Answer 85

When gas exchange in the lungs is not occurring, either oxygen is unable to pass freely to the blood or CO2 is unable to pass from the blood to the lungs.

Answer 86

Article that has been contaminated as blanket, tale.

Answer 87

Human or animal carrier of a disease.

Answer 88

Spread of a disease over a wider area.

Answer 89

Micro-organism capable of causing disease.

Answer 90

Infection originating in a hospital.

Answer 91

loss of circulating blood volume due to blood loss or dehydration

Answer 92

the heart is unable to pump enough blood around the body due to damage to cardiac muscle, damage to valves, or rate and rhythm

Answer 93

blood flow in the heart or great vessels becomes blocked causes pericardial tamponade, pulmonary embolus, left atrial tumour, tension pneumothorax

Answer 94

widespread dilation of blood vessels causing circulating blood to pool in expanded vascular beds causes: septic/neurogenic/anaphylactic shock

Answer 95

- hypotension - cold peripherals/extremities - weak peripheral pulses - ALOC - weakness - vital organs begin to shut down

Answer 96

amount of drops in a given set

Answer 97

basic tactical emergency care

Answer 98

dextrose 10% in water

Answer 99

automated external defibrillator

Answer 100

per required needs

Answer 101

Arranged into bundles of fibres, composed of nerve cells and neuroglia. The cells have long fibrous processes. On a nerve cell these processes are called axons and dendrites Function: capable of transmitting signals to and from the brain

Answer 102

3 types: - skeletal: striated and voluntary - smooth: non-striated and involuntary -cardiac: striated and involuntary Structure: 75% water, 20% protein, 5% mineral salts/ glycogen/glucose/fat Function: Skeletal- to help support and move the body Smooth - to carry out involuntary functions ie. Peristalsis Cardiac - heart muscle to pump blood

Answer 103

Structure: can be semi solid, solid, or liquid. Can have fibres present or not Function: connecting other more active tissues

Answer 104

Simple epithelium: single cell attached to a basement membrane Types: squamous/cuboidal/columnar Function: protect underlying structures, secretion, absorption Compound epithelium: many layers of cells and no basement membrane

SWA PREP Flashcards

(130 cards)