1
Q
How many hogs are there worldwide?
A
700 million
2
Q
How many hogs are in the US
A
72 million
3
Q
US Pork consumption per person/per year
A
66 lbs
4
Q
Average litter size?
A
11.03 (was 8 in 1993)
5
Q
Farrowing
A
the act of giving birth in swine
6
Q
How may times do swine birth per year
A
2 time, optimal is 3
7
Q
What country produces the most pig heads?
A
china (450 million)
8
Q
Us producing hog numbers?
A
77 million heads, 12.5 mil tons
9
Q
Top 5 Producing States
A
Iowa, Minnesota, N Carolina, Illinois, Indiana
10
Q
Young female pig that has not had a litter?
A
gilt
11
Q
young pig that was just born
A
piglet
12
Q
group of piglets
A
litter
13
Q
Feed efficiancy of pigs
A
3 lbs / 1lb gained
14
Q
Pig ration
A
majority corn based with soybean meal (energy)
15
Q
Market weight
A
250 lbs.
16
Q
Market Age
A
5-6 months
17
Q
Average dressing percentage
A
72%
18
Q
Dressing Percentage
A
the carcass with heads and organs remvoed
19
Q
simple stomach thats 1
A
Monogastric System
20
Q
Different Operations
A
Farrow to Finish
Breeding to Farrow
Nursery to Finish
21
Q
Gestation Length
A
114 days or 3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days
22
Q
Estrus
A
24-72 hourss
23
Q
Estrous
A
21 days, year round
24
Q
When are gilts bred?
A
7-8 months old
25
What are farrowinjg crates for?
Protecting of the sow and piglets, less stressful and takes care of them
26
Ear Notching
Right Ear - litter number (1,3,9,27,81)
Left Ear - pig number (1,3,9)
27
sharp canine like teth, so they cut and snap them off
Clipping Needle Teeth
28
cut the tail so it curves over back
Tail Docking
29
Iron shot because most are often anemic
Fe Shot
30
Maternal Lines
white color, maternal traits
31
Terminal Lines
colored breeds, males
32
originated in chester county, PA
white body
droopy, medium sized ears
mothering ability, durability
superior muscle quality
Chester White
33
long bodied
white body
droopy ears
females are heavy milkers and large piglets
cross breed well
Landrace
34
most popular in US
white body with erect ears
high proportion of lean meat and low back fat
sound and durable
Yorkshire
35
fast and efficient
black with white markings around legs, snout, ears
high reproductive efficiency
Berkshire
36
2nd most popular breed in US
light to dark red bodied
drooping ears
known for product quality, carcass yeild, fast-growth and lean-gain efficiency
Duroc
37
"belted" black and white
lean muscle, high carcas quality, minimal back fat
large loin eyes
Hampshire
38
large frame
long bodied
lean and heavily muscled
Poland China
39
large, black and white spots
good feed efficiency, rate of grain, carcass quality
Spotted
40
Production Stages
Farrowing, Weaning/Nursery, Feeder Pigs, Market Hogs, Breed/Replacements
41
Farrowing Production Stage
some vertical integration but mainly only focus in this specific area
Focused on the piglets, some breeding but mostly giving birth and the piglets
42
Weaning/Nursery Production Stage
growing the piglets focus
fed in nursery on starter feed
sorted by groups; breed, sex, color
controlled environment; temperature, humidity, air flow
fed until 50-60 lbs
43
Piglet Weaning Weight and Age
13-15 lbs
21-28 days
44
Is starter feed the most expensive?
Yes, high amounts of protein and energy
45
Feeder Pigs Production Stage
stocker/feedlot stage of swine
start at 50 lbs.
Major Industry in CA (Roaster, Asian Markets)
46
Market Hogs of Production Stages
get them ready for market or keep them steady
year round market, certain price increases around thanksgiving, christmas and easter
47
Market weight and age
250 lbs
6-8 months
48
Breeding/Replacements Production Stage
breeding and focus on crossbreeding
Identify potential problems
biosecurity taken very seriously, have specific employees for certain parts, boots, etc
Cant get rid of viruses can only tame the responses
49
Expected Progeny Differences (EPD's)
a card explaining the quality of the fathers specialties and how it affects the boar and its records
50
Blind Teats
teat that looks like it would produce milk but doesn't
51
When are gilts bred?
7-8 months (farrow at a year)
52
Farrowing Schedule
Day 1 breed, Day 115 Farrow, Day 143 Wean, Day 147 Rebreed, Day 362 Farrow, Day 290 Wean, Day 295 ReBreed, etc
53
Prop 12
no gestation crates/stalls
no farrowing crates
stopped vertical integreation
waste management
increased price in sandwich meats
tried to change the farms that sell in CA but instead they no longer sell here cause too many regulations
each hog needs 24 ft of space
changes long and expensive
54
Pork Grading System
Loin eye area
10th rib backfat
Pork grading numbers
55
Pork Grading Numebrs
Thick - 3.0
Average - 2.5-2.0
Skinny - 1.5-1
56
Percent Fat-Free Lean
industry pricing based off this
uses fat-o-meter to determine percentage
57
Quality is based on;
marbling, firmness, color
58
Quality Standards
PSE - pale, soft, exudative (caused by PSS)
RFN - reddish, firm, non-exudative (ideal)
DFD - dark, red, dry (caused by stress in market hogs)
59
Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
genetic, don't handle stress well, doesn't hold water well (exudative), transport in the dark
ASCI 1
flashcards
Decks in class (10)
# Cards
