Symposium - Dislocation

Question 1

What is a dislocation?

Answer 1

Dislocation = complete loss of contact between two joint surfaces

Question 2

What is a subluxation?

Answer 2

Subluxation = partial dislocation, ie, not fully out of joint

Question 3

Describe the aetiology for dislocation?

Answer 3

• Fall or accident

Question 4

What are some common dislocations?

Answer 4

Question 5

What direction is the dislocation for the following usually in:

• shoulder
• elbow
• hip
• knee
• ankle
• subtalar

Answer 5

Question 6

What deformity is usually seen in the following dislocations:

• shoulder
• elbow
• hip
• knee
• ankle
• subtalar joint

Answer 6

Question 7

Describe the presentation of dislocation?

Answer 7

• Pain
• Inability to move joint
• Soft tissue injuries
• Deformity

Question 8

How is dislocation diagnosed?

Answer 8

• Radiological
  
  • Difficult to tell if fracture or dislocation from clinic
  • X-ray

Question 9

Describe the management of dislocation?

Answer 9

• Emergency treatment
• Surgery
• Treat neurovascular damage

Question 10

Describe possible complications of dislocation?

Answer 10

• Recurrent instability or stiffness

Question 11

What direction of shoulder dislocation is most common?

Answer 11

• Anterior (most common)
• Posterior

Question 12

Describe the aetiology of an anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 12

• Falling on outstretched arm

Question 13

Describe the aetiology of a posterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 13

• Seizure
• Electrocution

Question 14

What investigations should be done for should dislocation?

Answer 14

• X-ray
  
  • 2 views 90 degrees to each other, posterior dislocation easily missed otherwise

Question 15

Describe the aetiology of elbow dislocation?

Answer 15

• Falling on outstretched arm

Question 16

Describe possible complications of elbow dislocation?

Answer 16

• Damage to ulnar nerve (most common)
• Also radial and medial nerve

Question 17

Which nerve is most commonly damaged in elbow dislocation?

Answer 17

Ulnar nerve

Question 18

Describe aetiology of hip dislocation?

Answer 18

• Falls from height
• RTA
• Total joint replacement

Question 19

Describe aetiology of knee dislocation?

Answer 19

• Direct blow to knee

Question 20

Discribe management of knee dislocation?

Answer 20

• Fixation or splint, reduction not useful
• Early surgery

Question 21

Describe complications of knee dislocation?

Answer 21

• Grossly unstable due to taking out ligaments when dislocated, reduction not effective

Question 22

Describe complications of ankle dislocation?

Answer 22

• Necrosis of skin due to being stretched
  
  • Secondary infection
• Stiffness of joints
• Secondary osteoarthritis