Synthesis

Question 1

Forming NITRILES from HALOALKANES

(reagents & conditions)

Answer 1

CHBr + NaCN/KCN —– CHCN + K/NaBr

REAGENTS & CONDITIONS:
- Heat under reflux
- ethanol solvent
- KCN/NaCN

Question 2

2 REDUCTION reactions ~ convert nitriles to amines

Answer 2

CH3CN + 2H2 —— CH3CH2NH2
- H2
- Ni
- 150 degrees

CH3CN + 4[H] —– CH3CH2NH2
- LiAlH4
- dry ether
- room temperature

Question 3

HYDROLYSIS of NITRILES

( Reagents & conditions)

Answer 3

CH3CN + 2H2O + HCl —- CH3COOH + NH4Cl
- strong dilute acid ~ HCl/H2SO4
- Heat under reflux

Question 4

HALOALKANES to AMINE

• type of reaction
• equation
• reagents & conditions

Answer 4

NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION:

Cl(CH2)3OH + NH3 + NaOH —- H2N(CH2)3OH + NaCl + H2O

REAGENTS & CONDITIONS:
1)
- Excess NH3
- ethanol solvent
- heat in a sealed tube
2)
- NaOH(aq)