Basic Anatomy & Physiology > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a system?

A

Organs that work together to perform a specific function

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2
Q

How many organ systems are there?

A

11

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3
Q

Name the organ systems

A
  1. Integumentary
  2. Skeletal
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
  5. Endocrine
  6. Cardiovascular
  7. Lymphatic
  8. Respiratory
  9. Digestive
  10. Urinary
  11. Reproductive
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4
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

It is the maintenance of the body conditions. (Balance)

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5
Q

What is an integumentary system?

A

It is the system that consist of the largest organ in the body. Skin.

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6
Q

What are the 2 layers of skin?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
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7
Q

What is epidermis?

A

The thinner layer of skin that forms a physical barrier to protect against abrasion, bacteria, dehydration and UV radiation

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8
Q

What is dermis?

A

The thicker layer of skin that contains specialized receptors and nerves that provide sensation (eg. touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

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9
Q

What are the major functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Support movement
  2. Protection of vital organs and tissue
  3. Mineral homeostasis
  4. Production of blood cells
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10
Q

How many bones is the human skeleton comprised of?

A

206

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11
Q

What are the components of the skeletal system?

A

Bones, joints, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

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12
Q

What are the 2 parts of the skeleton?

A
  1. Axial
  2. Appendicular
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13
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

The skull, vertebrae, sacrum, ribs and sternum

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14
Q

What does the the axial skeleton protect?

A

The brain, spinal cord, and soft tissue

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15
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A

The bones in the limbs, shoulder, and hip

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of bone tissue?

A
  1. Cortical/compact
  2. Cancellous/spongy
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17
Q

What are cortical bones?

A

Dense and tough bone covered by fibrous membrane (periosteum)

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18
Q

What are cancellous bone?

A

Soft interior of the bones (contains bone marrow)

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19
Q

What is cartilage? Where is it located?

A

Connective tissue mainly made of collagen and elastic fibres. Its located at the end of bones to act as a cushion to prevent rubbing together

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibroelastic
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21
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

A fluid in the joints that act as a lubricant

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22
Q

What is a joint?

A

Any place where bone meets

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23
Q

What are the 4 types of movement in a joint?

A
  1. Gliding/sliding
  2. Ball & socket
  3. Pivot
  4. Hinge
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24
Q

What joint is immoveable?

A

Skull

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25
What is a tendon?
Strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
26
What is a ligament?
Strong connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
27
What are the functions of the muscular system?
Controls the movement of: 1. Body through space 2. Food and blood through body 3. Air in and out of lungs 4. Produce heat
28
What are the 3 types of muscle?
1. Skeletal 2. Smooth 3. Cardiac
29
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?
We can control when we contract our voluntary muscles.
30
What are skeletal muscles?
They are voluntary muscles attached to our bones through tendons. When contracted we are able to move body parts.
31
What are smooth muscles?
Involuntary muscles that function without conscious control. (e.g. breathing, blood circulation, etc)
32
What are cardiac muscles?
Involuntary muscles that are like woven mesh fibres throughout the heart. Contracts to pump blood throughout your body
33
What are the functions of the nervous system?
The communication network for the body. It responds to external and internal stimuli which can be both conscious and unconscious
34
What 2 units does the nervous system breakdown to?
1. Central nervous system 2. Peripheral nervous system
35
What are the components of the CNS?
1. Brain 2. Spinal cord 3. Nerves
36
What are the components of the PNS?
Your sense organs AKA tongue, noes, eyes, ears, and skin as well
37
What function does the CNS serve?
The body's main control unit
38
What function does the PNS serve?
Pertains to nerves and sense organs that connect the CNS to remote parts of the body
39
What is the function of the endocrine system?
Contains the chemical messenger hormones that control your body functions, metabolism, etc.
40
Name the 5 types of glands
1. Pituitary 2. Thyroid 3. Adrenal 4. Pancreas 5. Ovaries and testes
41
What is a pituitary gland?
The master gland that controls all other glands. It is located at the base of the brain
42
What is a thyroid gland?
The gland that helps regulate your metabolism. It is located at the base of the neck just below the larynx
43
What is an adrenal gland?
The gland that releases adrenalin during stress. It increases your heart rate and physical strength and enhances your ability to respond in emergency. Located at the top of each kidney
44
What is a pancreas?
It is a glad that produces insulin to reduce blood sugar levels and glucagon to increase blood sugar levels. It is located just below the stomach
45
What are ovaries and testes?
They are reproductive organs. Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone and are located at the end of the fallopian tubes. Testes produce testosterone and is located in the scrotum
46
What is the function of the reproductive system?
To produce new life and to influence male and female characteristics
47
What are the components of the reproductive system?
1. Ovaries 2. Uterus 3. Testes
48
What is the function of the urinary and excretory system?
To form and eliminate body waste in liquid form
49
What are the components of the the urinary system?
1. Kidney 2. Urethra 3. Ureters 4. Bladder 5. Also excretory (lungs, liver, skin)
50
What is the function of the kidney?
A large filter that extracts waste substance from blood. It mixes with water to form urine
51
What is the function of ureters?
It is that pathway for urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
52
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
It is the reservoir for urine and is located in the pelvic area in front of the sigmoid colon
53
What are the functions of the excretory systems?
The kidney secrets urine, lungs secrets carbon dioxide and other gases, liver acts as a blood filter, and skin secrets sweat
54
What are the functions of the digestive system?
It converts food to energy and eliminates solid body waste
55
What are the components of the digestive system?
1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Liver 5. Gall bladder and pancreas 6. Small and large intestines 7. Rectum and anus
56
How many categories of nutrients does the body require? What are they?
It requires 6 1. Protein 2. Carbohydrates 3. Fat 4. Water 5. Vitamins 6. Minerals
57
How long is the alimentary (GI tract) canal?
Approx. 30 ft long
58
Where does digestion start?
Mouth
59
What is peristalsis
When food travels from the mouth to the stomach and through the esophagus
60
What happens in the stomach?
Food mixes with stomach secretions and forms chyme
61
What is the function of the small intestine?
To digest and absorb nutrients
62
What is the function of the large intestine?
To absorb liquid waste
63
Whare are the functions of the respiratory system?
To supply oxygen from breathing and to remove carbon dioxide
64
What are the components of the respiratory system?
1. Nose 2. Larynx 3. Lungs 4. Trachea 5. Pharynx
65
What percentage of air is oxygen?
About 20%
66
How is oxygen distributed throughout the body? How do we release carbon dioxide?
Blood passes through our lungs and releases carbon dioxide and picks up a new supply of oxygen.
67
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
It is the body's primary transportation network. It delivers food and oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide and waste product from cells
68
What are the components of the circulatory system?
1. Heart 2. Blood 3. Arteries 4. Veins
69
What are the functions of the heart?
It is the pump that keeps the system going. Deoxygenated blood from the body flows into the right side of the heart and is pumped into the lungs for oxygen. It is then pumped into the left side of the heart and back into the body.
70
How many chambers are in a heart
4 hollow chambers (2 on each side)
71
What is the function of blood?
Blood is connective tissue that transports nutrients, oxygen, waste products, etc.
72
What does blood consist of?
1. Plasma 2. Red blood cells 3. White blood cells 4. Platelets`
73
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
Its the body's defense against disease
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