What are three aspects of communication?
- pronominal choice (t/v)
- naming and address terms
- politeness markers
What does symmetrical V usage indicate and in which classes does it occur?
Used to show politeness and occurs in all classes except the lowest
What does symmetrical T usage indicate
- intimacy
- strong common interest
- feeling of solidarity
- gradually replaced mutual V
When/ how did T and V originate?
- 4th century
- Emperor of Rome used nos when refering to himself
- Rome split into having two emperors but still united so when addressing one were addressing both
- emperor encompasses the people
T in Germany
- all relatives
- all family relationships to show solidarity
T in France
- acquired solidarity (students. friends . . .)
Which party typically initiates T?
The one with the better power-based claim to say it without reciprocation.
True or False: It is possible to go back to T/V or V/V without changing the relationship?
False
If a male uses T to fellow female students regularly what can be inferred about his social values?
- free love, trial marriage, abolition of capital punishment, weakening of nationalistic and religious loyalties
Are all communities alike within a language in their T/V usage? give example
No example in French: Quebec is more conservative (vous usage) than Nova scotia or Fance
T/V in Tamil:
-caste based:
- increase T use in lower caste
(interdependent, equity and solidarity)
- mutual V and T/V in upper
(fragmented, independent, social distance)
What is the major factor in causing asymmetrical T/V in Italy
Age difference. Symmetrical address is the norm except for age diffferences. Lower class youth are more formal than upper class youth
