T2- MISC

Question 1

increase susceptibility to UV damage

Answer 1

loss of NER

Question 2

increase metastasis

Answer 2

• loss of KAI1

- loss of E-cadherin

Question 3

decrease metastasis

Answer 3

• NM23
• CD44 involved with cell adhesion
• CD82 induced by p53

Question 4

anti-apoptosis

Answer 4

• decreased cytochrome c release from mitochondria:
  a) Bcl2–> blocks channels made by BAX/BAK dimers
  b) Bcl-xl–> binds to BAX/BAK to prevent their self association
• decrease caspase activation–> XIAP: ubiquitination of capsize 3
• promotes cell survival
• AKT (PKB) when over activated in cancer cells contributes to decreased apoptosis.

Question 5

pro-apoptosis

Answer 5

• activation of cytochrome c with APAF1
• increase cytochrome c release from mitochondria
• dimerization of bax and bak.
• TRADD activation
• mitochondrial release of SMAC by bid
• SNAIL stabilizes AIF to expand its half life and promote apoptosis
• activation of MOAP1 promotes apoptosis of BAX
• endonuclease G is a caspace-independent apoptosis
• BAD is a pro-apoptotic unless phosphorylated by AKT
• BID is pro-apoptotic and activated BAX and BAK
• TRAIL activated apoptotic signal
• PUMA promoted apoptosis and is unregulated by p53
• BAX activated by p53 to promote apoptosis

Question 6

increases transcription

Answer 6

• LMP1 increases transcription bcl-2
• EBNA-2 increases transcription cyclin D
• STAT5 increases transcription e-cadherin
• E2F-DP1 increases transcription for S phase proteins
• Nf-kB increases transcription for inflammation and cell growth
• MYC when bound to MAX promotes transcription
• twist promotes transcription of n-cadherin

Question 7

decreases transcription

Answer 7

• SNAIL inhibits transcription of E-cadherin
• MAD when bound to MAX inhibits transcription
• GROUCHO bind TGF and is involved inhibiting TCF4 transcription

Question 8

increases ubiquitination (tagged for degradation) of p53

Answer 8

• HPV-E6
• MDM2
• HDM2

Question 9

diminishes p53 activity

Answer 9

HPV-E6

Question 10

promotes EMT

Answer 10

• FOXC2
• hypermethyllation of e-cadherin gene
• TWIST upregulation is associated with EMT

Question 11

Angiogenesis

Answer 11

• decreases with loss of HIF-1

- increased when there is a deleted or suppressed PKG

Question 12

telomere

Answer 12

• increases rebuilding potential: loss of TRF-1

- premature aging typically associated with telomere erosion

Question 13

rate of G1–> S transition

Answer 13

• increases rate: loss of P14-ARF

- reduces the latency: loss of Rh

Question 14

cell growth

Answer 14

• increase: active mTOR

- AKT (PKB) when over activated in cancer cells.