Edexel Geography A- Level > T5- Globalisation > Flashcards

T5- Globalisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is political globalisation?

A

the increasing interconnectivity and interdependence of political structures and systems around the world

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2
Q

What is cultural globalisation?

A

the interconnectivity of cultures world wide

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3
Q

What is social globalisation?

A

the increasing interconnectivity of societies

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4
Q

What is economic globalisation?

A

increasing interconnectivity of national economies

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5
Q

What does globalisation mean?

A

globalisation is used to describe a variety of ways in which places and people are now more connected than they used to be

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6
Q

How was global connection achieved in the past?
3 things

A

1) trade
2) colonialism
3) co- operation

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7
Q

What is a TNC?

A

businesses whose operations are spread across the world

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8
Q

What is capital another word for?

A

money

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9
Q

What is gross domestic product?

A

a measure of the financial value of goods and services produced within a country during the couse of a year.

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10
Q

What are remittances?

A

money that migrants send one to their families via formal or informal channels

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11
Q

What does interdependency mean in terms of countries?

A

if 2 places become over reliant on each other then they may have become interdependent

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12
Q

State 2 important innovations for transport and when they were invented.

A

1) railways - 1800s
2) jet aircraft ( Boeing 747 in 1960)

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13
Q

What is spatial division of labour?

A

The common practice among TNCs of moving low-skilled work abroad to places where labour costs are low. Important skilled management jobs are retained at the TNCs headquarters in its country of origin.

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14
Q

What are intermodal containers?

A

large capacity storage containers which can be transported long distances using multiple types of transport.

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15
Q

What does the concept of a shrinking world mean?

A

thanks to technology, distant places start to feel closer and take us less time to reach.

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16
Q

What is slowbalisation?

A

the slowing down of globalisation

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17
Q

What is foreign direct investment?

A

money being invested in another countrys economy.

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18
Q

Name 3 things that could make a county attractive to investors?

A
  • tax holidays
  • cheap labour
  • vacant land
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19
Q

What is transfer pricing?

A

some TNCs have channeled profits through a subsidiary company in a low tax country

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20
Q

Give an example of a company that has utilised transfer pricing.

A

Starbucks have channeled profits through Ireland ( a low tax country)

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21
Q

What is meant by foreign mergers?

A

two firms in different countries join forces to create a single entity.

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22
Q

What is offshoring?

A

some TNCs build their own new production facilities in offshore low-wage economies.

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23
Q

What is an example of a company that has utilised offshoring?

A

US guitar company Fender opened its Mexican plant in Ensenada in 1987

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24
Q

What are foreign acquisitions?

A

when a TNC launches a takeover of a company in other country.

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25
What is an example of a foreign acquisition?
in 2010, cadbury was subjected to a takeover by Kraft US.
26
What are trade blocs?
a voluntary international organisation that exists for trading purposes, bringing greater economic strength and security.
27
What is the approx pop of the EU?
448 million
28
What is the EUs GDP?
£16 trillion
29
What is the approx pop of ASEAN?
680 million
30
What is privatisation?
where a government owned business sells to a business
31
What is ASEANs GDP?
$4 trillion
32
What is economic liberalisation?
to have unrestricted capital flowing in and out of the country
33
What is a special economic zone?
a large area of land set aside by a government in locations well placed for international trade eg sea ports
34
When did chinas open door policy take place?
1978
35
How many people left rural areas in search of migration to a city in chinas open door policy?
300 million
36
Soon there will be ___ Chinese cities with one million inhbitants.
200
37
What is the only climate where coffee can grow?
tropical climates
38
Who is the 2nd largest producer for coffee in the world?
vietnam
39
What type of beans can be exported to the EU from Vietnam without a cost?
green beans (unprocessed)
40
Which makes the real money? selling unprocessed or processed coffee beans?
processed
41
How has mc Donalds globalised the countries that it opertaes in?
it has spread the American culture: - language Big Mac , mc - food focused around beef - extremely large portion sizes
42
What is glocalisation?
where TNCs adapt or change their products to suit a different countries needs
43
How has BMW implemented glocalisation?
BMW is a German car company however they produce cars for birth people with the steering wheel on the right side of the car rather than the left side as is customary in Germany.
44
How has mc Donalds implemented glocalisation in India?
mc Donalds has implemented the paneer burger because Indian people don't generally eat meat as a part of their culture
45
What is outsourcing?
when a country pays another country to make products for them
46
What are some advantages of outsourcing?
- can reduce production costs - can improve quality and flexibility of a product -acsess to a larger talent pool
47
What are the top three outsourced countries?
1) india 2) the Philippines 3) Brazil
48
What is the global production network?
a series of arrangements of thousands of outsourcing partnerships
49
Name some disadvantages of outsourcing.
- non compliant with some government regulations - cross- cultural differences - communication problems
50
What does it mean if a region or country is switched on?
they are strongly connected to other places through the production and consumption of goods and service
51
Name 3 attributes of a switched on country.
- member of a trade bloc member of an IGO ports for ships and aircrafts
52
What is an example of how a switched off country changed things to be more switched on?
Zambia landlocked country so relies on good relations with neighbours for trade in the 1970s the Tanzam railway was built to help Zambia be more switched on
53
What is an example of an extremely switched off country?
North Korea
54
Name 3 reasons why North Korea is switched off.
dictatorship communist low GDP
55
What 3 broad dimensions does the KOF index encompass?
1. economic globalisation 2. social globalisation 3. political gobalisation
56
Using the KOF index each country gets a score between ___ and ___.
0 and 100
57
What is the KOF index?
measure designed to quantify the level of globalisation in countries around the world
58
What does the AT Kearney index measure?
how integrated countries are into our global economy
59
What 4 things does the AT Kearney industry take into account?
1. economic integration 2. personal contact 3. technological connectivity 4. political engagement
60
Using the AT Kearney index, each country gets a sore between ___ and ___.
1 and 100
61
Using the KOF scale which is the most globalised country in the world?
ireland
62
Using the KOF scale, which is the least globalised country in the world?
the Solomon Islands
63
Why is the pearl river delta relevant to my studies?
there was a massive forgein investment into the area in china
64
Name 3 main centres of industrial expansion along the pearl river delta.
shunde Shenzhen dongguan
65
Shunde (pearl river delta) is the largest producer of _______ _____ in the world.
microwave ovens
66
Shenzhen (pearl river delta) is the worlds largest producer of _______ ____________.
artificial Christmas trees
67
What percentage of china's GDP is generated by the pearl river delta region?
7%
68
How many people does the pearl river delta employ in manufacturing industries?
30 million people
69
Name 2 concerns in relation to the increasing industrial hub, the pear river delta.
1. increasing environmental pollution 2. suburban sprawl
70
What does the term global shift mean?
global shift describes the international relocation of different industries, especially manufacturing
71
Name 3 causes of global shift.
1. the growth of TNCs 2. deindustrialisation 3. privatisation
72
What is the OECD?
the organisation for economic cooperation and development
73
When was the OECD founded?
1961
74
What is an example in china of how development has caused negative environmental affects?
the china airpocalypse
75
State 2 facts that relate to the Chinese airpocalypse.
1. millions of people are being forced to wear masks or stay inside as a result 2. red alerts for pollution can last weeks
76
State 2 facts that relate to Delhi's air pollution issue.
1. every 2 minutes, 1 person dies in India due to air pollution 2. spending 1 day outside in delhi= smoking 50 cigarettes
77
Name 5 social problems that deindustrialised regions face.
1. dereliction 2. contamination 3. depopulation 4. crime 5. high unemployment
78
What is one area in the north of England that has been negatively affected by deindustrialisation?
Redcar
79
What country could I use as an example for air pollution?
china - millions of people wear masks or stay indoors because o ate pollution
80
What country could I use as an example for waste pollution?
the Ivory Coast ill health after toxic waste was dumped by TNCs
81
What country could I use as an example for land degradation?
Indonesia 100 000 football pitches of rainforest destroyed each year
82
What does the spiral of decline mean in the context of deindustrialisation?
a negative event occurs such as a high crime rate and as a result a chain of other problems spirals
83
What is an example of an animal that has become extinct because of overfishing by TNCs?
the Yangtze River dolphin
84
What are the 2 main reasons that cities populations grow?
natural increase (reproduction) rural to urban migration
85
What is a global hub?
a global hub is a place with good natural and Human Resources which has advantages for social, economic productivity and wellbeing
86
Mumbai is the __th largest city in the world.
4th
87
Is mumbai a megacity?
yes
88
What does global culture mean?
the shared ideas, customs and social behaviour of people or society globally
89
What is cultural diffusion?
where a culture migrates somewhere else and merges with the existing culture to form a new one
90
Give an example of how the spread of a global culture could be positive for disadvantaged groups.
paralmpics first Paralympics happened in 1998
91
Give an example of how a country has fought cultural erosion successfully.
france the French language is under threat by English the government introduced a law where 40% of films music and radio has to be in the French language
92
What is cultural appropriation?
the adoption of the elements of a minority culture by members of the dominant culture
93
What is an example of cultural appropriation to do with Jamie Oliver ?
his jerk rice sold in supermarkets culturally appropriates the Caribbean dish made by the very poor
94
What is the definition of a mega city?
A metropolitan area with a total population of over 10 million
95
What is a world/ global city?
A city with major political and economic global power
96
What are the 2 main reasons why cities grow?
1) natural increase 2) rural to urban migration
97
What is economic migration?
The movement of people who’s primary focus is seeking employment
98
Where is Mumbai located?
West coast of India
99
What is the statistic on Mumbai’s population growth in the last 10 years?
Mumbai’s population grew by 5% in 10 years
100
What is a global culture?
The shared ideas, customs and social behaviour of people or society globally .
101
How do TNCs create a global culture?
Spread food, clothes and other ideas around the world
102
How does the global media company Disney create a global culture?
Exported their superheroes and princesses and western festivals around the world
103
Give an example of how globalisation has negatively affected china’s health.
Growth of fast food chains like mc Donald’s increase obesity in china
104
What is a good example of a country that has resisted the Americanisation of their language?
France
105
What is the percentage of music on radio stations in France that must be in the French language by law?
40%
105
Give two examples of how the spread of a global culture can be positive for disadvantaged groups.
1) Paralympic’s (1988) has helped spread disability awareness 2) #me too movement- female rights
106
What children’s toy did Iran ban because it didn’t align with their views and beliefs ?
Barbie’s
106
Give an example of where a TNC has environmentally exploited a country.
Nigerias Niger delta- oil extraction by shell caused severe pollution and degradation
106
What is cultural appropriation?
The adoption of elements of a minority culture by members of a dominant culture
107
What is an example of cultural appropriation in the culinary industry?
Jamie Oliver’s jerk rice sold in supermarkets
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