What are the key differences between Programs and Applications?
- Programs: Small, task focused, written in code, may not have a GUI
- Applications: User facing, combine multiple programs, designed for specific purposes (e.g. Word, Chrome)
Applications are made up of one or more programs.
List the functions of Applications.
- Productivity (Word processors, Spreadsheets)
- Communication (Email, Messaging)
- Entertainment (Games, Media Players)
- Utilities (Antivirus, File Management)
These functions serve various user needs in different contexts.
What types of devices run Programs and Applications?
- Desktop Computers
- Smartphones
- Tablets
- Games consoles
- Smart TVs
- Embedded systems (ATMs, Washing Machines, Cars)
These devices support a wide range of applications for various tasks.
What is the role of an Operating System?
Manages hardware resources and acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware
It enables the execution of applications and management of resources.
What are the characteristics of a Network Operating System (NOS)?
- Central management
- Authentication
- Resource sharing
Advantages include scalability, backups, and shared resources; disadvantages include cost and complexity.
What are the characteristics of an Open Operating System?
- Open source
- Modifiable
- Free
- Community support
Examples include Linux on charity/low-cost devices.
What are the characteristics of a Proprietary Operating System?
- Closed source
- Licensed
- Vendor-maintained
Examples include iOS for Apple apps and Windows for business tools.
What are the purposes of Communication Applications?
- Exchange information instantly (text, video, images)
- User-friendly interface
- Presence indicators (online, typing)
- Requires internet connection
- Encryption/privacy features
Examples include WhatsApp, Zoom, Slack, Gmail.
What are the characteristics of Education Applications?
- Quizzes, milestones, gamification
- Progress tracking and reports
- Multimedia support (video, audio, text)
- Age-appropriate targeting
Examples include Duolingo, Kahoot!, Quizlet, Memrise.
What are the characteristics of Entertainment Applications?
- On-demand content (music, video)
- Recommendations and personalisation
- User engagement through likes and shares
Examples include Netflix, YouTube, Spotify, Twitch.
What are the characteristics of Games Applications?
- Clear rules and objectives
- Rewards systems (points, badges)
- Single and multiplayer modes
- Highly responsive performance
Examples include Minecraft, Candy Crush, Fortnite, Clash Royale, Cyberpunk 2077, R6 Siege.
What are the characteristics of Lifestyle Applications?
- Health and fitness tracking
- Personalisation (diet, sleep, exercise plans)
- Often integrated with sensors or wearables
Examples include Fitbit, MyFitnessPal, Headspace, Calm.
What are the characteristics of Productivity Applications?
- File sharing and collaboration
- Cloud storage and synchronisation
- Task management and calendars
Examples include Trello, Google Drive, Notion, Microsoft Office.
What are the characteristics of Protection and Utility Applications?
- Antivirus and firewall protection
- System cleaning and optimisation
- Resource efficient (low CPU/memory use)
Examples include Avast, Norton, CCleaner, Microsoft Defender.
What are the characteristics of Web Browsers?
- Render HTML, CSS, JavaScript
- Tabs, bookmarks, history management
- Secure browsing (HTTPS, privacy mode)
Examples include Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge.
What are the categories of application software?
- Open
- Closed
- Shareware
- Freeware
- Embedded
Each category serves different user needs and licensing models.
What is Bespoke software?
Built from scratch for a single organisation or user
Examples include hospital patient management and air traffic control systems.
What are the advantages of Closed software?
- Security
- Control
Disadvantages include lack of customisation and dependence on the developer.
What are the disadvantages of Shareware?
Limited features or time for trial
Users can evaluate before purchasing.
What is an example of an application that combines multiple application types?
TikTok
Combines entertainment (short videos) with communication (direct messaging, group chats).
