Parasitology lec > tapeworms > Flashcards

tapeworms Flashcards

(121 cards)

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1
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

COMMON NAME

A

Broad or Fish Tapeworm

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2
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

FH

A

Man (Dogs-resorvoir)

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3
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

HABITAT

A

Small Intestine (Ileum)

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4
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

1ST IH

A

Copepods

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5
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

2ND IH

A

Freshwater fish (salmon, trout, pike, ruff, etc.)
Larger predator fish (paratenic)

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6
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

INFECTIVE STAGE

A

Plerocercoid larva

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7
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Scolex

A
  • Almond-shaped
  • 2 long prominent sucking grooves/organ
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8
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

MOT

A

Ingestion of raw, undercooked or pickled freshwater fish

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9
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Proglottids

A

Wider than long (10-20 mm wide)

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10
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Mature proglottid

A
  • “rosette” uterus
  • presence of bilobed ovaries
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11
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Egg

A
  • Operculated
  • The eggs of D. latum are smaller and more symmetrical than P. westermani
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12
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Embryonation

A

8-12 days

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13
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Epidemiology

A

Northern Temperate Areas
Scandinavia, Finland, Japan, Europe, Chile and North America

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14
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Treatment

A

Praziquantel

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15
Q

Taenia solium

COMMON NAME

A

Pork Tapeworm

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16
Q

Taenia solium

FH

A

Man

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17
Q

Taenia solium

HABITAT

A

Small Intestine

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18
Q

Taenia solium

1ST IH

A

Pigs, Humans (developed Cysticercosis)

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19
Q

Taenia solium

INFECTIVE STAGE

A
  • Cysticercus cellulosae (armed)
  • Embryonated egg (if Cysticercosis)
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20
Q

Taenia solium

Scolex

A
  • Globular (4 cup shaped suckers)
  • Armed Rostellum (Has 2 rows of approx. 25-30 hooklets)
  • Short Neck
  • 2-3 meters or up to 8 meters
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21
Q

Taenia solium

MOT

A
  • Consumption of contaminated undercooked pork (Measly Pork)
  • Ingestion of Egg (lead to cysticercosis)
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22
Q

Taenia solium

Proglottids

A

Square-like or squarish

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23
Q

Taenia solium

Mature proglottid

A
  • Trilobe ovary (2 prominent lobes; 1 small central lobe)
  • Uterus is connected to the genital pore.
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24
Q

Taenia solium

Gravid Proglottid

A
  • “finger-like” uterine branches (5-13)
  • Longer than wide
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25
# Taenia solium Egg
- Indistinguishable from the other Taenia spp. Eggs - Spherical brown and striated - Oncosphere with 6 hooklets (contains hexacanth embryo) - reported as Taenia egg, look for proglottids to identify species
26
# Taenia solium Embryonation
Embryonated
27
# Taenia solium Epidemiology
Worldwide distribution
28
# Taenia solium Treatment
Praziquantel or Niclosamide Surgery for Cysticercosis - Praziquantel and Albendazole Criteria for cure - Recovery of Scolex - Negative stool examination 3 months after treatment
29
# Taenia saginata COMMON NAME
Beef Tapeworm
30
# Taenia saginata FH
Man
31
# Taenia saginata HABITAT
Small Intestine
32
# Taenia saginata 1ST IH
Cattle
33
# Taenia saginata INFECTIVE STAGE
Cysticercus bovis
34
# Taenia saginata Scolex
- Cuboidal - no rostellum - Whitish opaque - 4-10 meters or up to 25 meters
35
# Taenia saginata MOT
consumption of contaminated undercooked beef
36
# Taenia saginata Proglottids
More Proglottids compared to T. solium
37
# Taenia saginata Mature proglottid
- Bilobed ovary - Reproductive organs are connected to the genital pore
38
# Taenia saginata Gravid Proglottid
- Tree-like uterine segments (15-20) - Longer than wide
39
# Taenia saginata Egg
- Indistinguishable from the other Taenia spp. Eggs - Spherical brown and striated - Oncosphere with 6 hooklets (contains hexacanth embryo) reported as Taenia egg, look for proglottids to identify species
40
# Taenia saginata Embryonation
Embryonated
41
# Taenia saginata Epidemiology
- Worldwide distribution - more commonly reported here in the country
42
# Taenia saginata Treatment
Praziquantel or Niclosamide Surgery for Cysticercosis - Praziquantel and Albendazole Criteria for cure - Recovery of Scolex - Negative stool examination 3 months after treatment
43
# Hymenolepis nana Common name
Dwarf tapeworm
44
# Hymenolepis nana Final Host
Rat
45
# Hymenolepis nana Accidental Host
Man
46
# Hymenolepis nana IH
- Rice beetle/Tenebrio spp. - Fleas - flour beetles - rats/house mice (H.nana var. fraternal) Note: IH is not required (direct life cycle)
47
# Hymenolepis nana Infective Stage
Cysticercoid larva (indirect) Eggs (direct)
48
# Hymenolepis nana Scolex
- rhomboidal/subglobular - Short armed rostellum (retractable) - 1 row of hooks (20-30)
49
# Hymenolepis nana Proglottid
not recovered in stool because they undergo degeneration
50
# Hymenolepis nana Mature Proglottid
- broad than long - 3 ovoid testis and one ovary in between
51
# Hymenolepis nana Gravid Proglottid
- broad than long - enlarged uterus containing eggs
52
# Hymenolepis nana Strobilus
25 to 45mm
53
# Hymenolepis nana Egg Shape
Spherical or subspherical (30 to 47 µm)
54
# Hymenolepis nana Egg Color
colorless or clay-colored
55
# Hymenolepis nana Egg Membrane
- thin outer membrane - thick inner membrane - conspicuous bipolar thickenings
56
# Hymenolepis nana Polar filaments
- 4 to 8 - Hair-like - embedded in the inner membrane
57
# Hymenolepis nana Egg Other features
die immediately in environment
58
# Hymenolepis nana Larva
Mature in 20 to 30 days after ingestion
59
# Hymenolepis nana Treatment
Praziquantel Niclosamide
60
# Hymenolepis nana Epidemiology
Tropical and subtropical climates (most common tapeworm in US)
61
# Hymenolepis diminuta Common name
Rat tapeworm
62
# Hymenolepis diminuta Final Host
Rat
63
# Hymenolepis diminuta Accidental Host
Man
64
# Hymenolepis diminuta IH
- Grain beetle - Flea - Cockroaches - Mealworms - earwigs
65
# Hymenolepis diminuta Infective Stage
Cysticercoid larva
66
# Hymenolepis diminuta Scolex
- knob-shaped - Small unarmed rostellum - protrudes from the anterior end
67
# Hymenolepis diminuta Proglottid
not recovered in stool because they undergo degeneration
68
# Hymenolepis diminuta Mature Proglottid
- broad than long - 3 ovoid testis and one ovary in between
69
# Hymenolepis diminuta Gravid Proglottid
- broad than long - enlarged uterus containing eggs
70
# Hymenolepis diminuta Strobilus
60cm
71
# Hymenolepis diminuta Egg Shape
Circular (fried egg) (60 to 80 µm)
72
# Hymenolepis diminuta Egg Color
bile-stained
73
# Hymenolepis diminuta Egg Membrane
- thin outer membrane - thick inner membrane - Not conspicuous bipolar thickenings - Striated - larger
74
# Hymenolepis diminuta Polar filaments
none
75
# Hymenolepis diminuta Egg Other features
Hooklets have a fan-like arrangement. (3 pairs)
76
# Hymenolepis diminuta Larva
Mature in 3 weeks after ingestion
77
# Hymenolepis diminuta Treatment
Praziquantel Niclosamide
78
# Hymenolepis diminuta Epidemiology
Worldwide
79
# Dipylidium caninum Common name
- Dog / Cat tapeworm - Pumpkin seed tapeworm - Flea tapeworm - Double-pored tapeworm
80
# Dipylidium caninum Final Host
dogs/cats
81
# Dipylidium caninum Accidental Host
Man
82
# Dipylidium caninum IH
Dog and cat fleas: - Ctenocephalides canis: dog - Ctenocephalides felis: cat - Pulex irritans: Human - Trichodectes canis: Dog louse
83
# Dipylidium caninum Infective Stage
cysticercoid larva
84
# Dipylidium caninum Scolex
- Small and globular (conical) - Protrusible armed rostellum - 1 - 7 rows hooks (thorn-shaped) - Scolex is also armed
85
# Dipylidium caninum Proglottid
Pumpkin seed shape
86
# Dipylidium caninum Mature Proglottid
- 2 genital pores (Bilateral) - 2 sets of male and female reproductive organs
87
# Dipylidium caninum Gravid Proglottid
- very large - pumpkin seed/cucumber shape
88
# Dipylidium caninum Strobilus
10-70 cm
89
# Dipylidium caninum Egg Shape
spherical
90
# Dipylidium caninum Egg Membrane
- Thin-shelled - In embryonic membrane packets
91
# Dipylidium caninum Egg Other features
- Egg packets (8-15 eggs) - Six-hooked oncosphere
92
# Dipylidium caninum Treatment
- Praziquantel -Niclosamide and Paromomycin
93
# Dipylidium caninum Epidemiology
Worldwide
94
# Echinococcus granulosus Common name
- Dog tapeworm - Hydatid tapeworm
95
# Echinococcus granulosus Final Host
Dogs/Wild Canine
96
# Echinococcus granulosus Accidental Host
Man
97
# Echinococcus granulosus IH
- Humans (dead end host) - Sheep - Goat - Horse - Camel Mechanical vectors - Birds - arthropods
98
# Echinococcus granulosus Infective Stage
- Hydatid cyst - Eggs (in humans)
99
# Echinococcus granulosus Scolex
- Pyriform (pear-shaped) - armed rostellum - 30 to 36 hooks - short neck - typically taeniid - 4 acetabula
100
# Echinococcus granulosus Proglottid
3 proglottids only
101
# Echinococcus granulosus Gravid Proglottid
largest proglottod
102
# Echinococcus granulosus Strobilus
3-6 mm Composed of layers
103
# Echinococcus granulosus Egg Shape
Spherical and striated
104
# Echinococcus granulosus Egg Color
brown
105
# Echinococcus granulosus Egg Other features
- Indistinguishable from the eggs of Taenia spp. - may be released inside or outside the host
106
# Echinococcus granulosus Larva
- Diagnostic stage - See hydatid cyst table
107
# Echinococcus granulosus Treatment
Mebendazole, albendazole, and praziquante
108
# Echinococcus granulosus Epidemiology
Middle East, Iraq
109
# Raillietina garrisoni Common name
Madagascar worm
110
# Raillietina garrisoni Final Host
brown rats in PH
111
# Raillietina garrisoni Accidental Host
Man
112
# Raillietina garrisoni IH
- Tribolium confosum (Flour beetle) - arthropods
113
# Raillietina garrisoni Infective Stage
Cysticercoid larva
114
# Raillietina garrisoni Scolex
- Subglobular - armed rostellum - 2 alternating circular rows 90-140 hooks (hammer-shaped) - 4 acetabula
115
# Raillietina garrisoni Mature Proglottid
- bilobed ovary surrounded by 36 to 50 ovoid testes - Genital pore opens on the side
116
# Raillietina garrisoni Gravid Proglottid
- “grains of rice” appearance - 200 to 400 egg capsules
117
# Raillietina garrisoni Strobilus
60 cm
118
# Raillietina garrisoni Egg Shape
spindle-shaped
119
# Raillietina garrisoni Egg Membrane
- outer elongated membrane - inner spherical membrane
120
# Raillietina garrisoni Egg Other features
egg capsules (1-4 eggs)
121
# Raillietina garrisoni Treatment
Praziquantel
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