Task 1 - Personality

Question 1

Big Five

Answer 1

(OCEAN)
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism
Openness

Question 2

Types of personality data

Answer 2

S Data
L Data
I Data
B Data

Question 3

S Data

Answer 3

self-report data

Question 4

L Data

Answer 4

Life data, bio data (physiological stuff)

Question 5

I Data

Answer 5

Informant report data, experimenter not there (e.g. friend, relative)

Question 6

B Data

Answer 6

Behavior data, natural or lab setting

-> direct observation by experimenter

Question 7

Self-Reports

Answer 7

Askin series of questions about own actions, thoughts, and feelings in various situations

• > structured, objective
• > most widely used

Question 8

Observer Reports

Answer 8

Asking someone about behaviors, thoughts and feelings of another person (has to know the person)
-> might be more objective than self-report

Question 9

Direct observations

Answer 9

Observing a person’s behavior directly

• > can be done in naturalistic setting
• > requires more resources

Question 10

Biodata/Life data

Answer 10

Obtaining records on a pereson’s life possibly relevant to personality

e. .g phone bill, GPA
- > objective indicators, though validity unclear

Question 11

Interrater reliabiltiy

Answer 11

overlap of judgment between observers observing the same people at the same time

Question 12

Convergent validity

Answer 12

Overlap between different information of observers

-> e.g. observe person at different times/circumstances)

Question 13

Divergent validity

Answer 13

Testing different things should not be related

-> constructs must be uncorrelated with theoretically correlated measures

Question 14

Self-report share

Answer 14

98% of trait studies use self-report measures,
only measure in 70%
-> quick, cheap, easy to administer
-> but response bias

Question 15

Informant Reports Pros & Cons

Answer 15

+: reliability increased since different individuals report, less bias since not talking about yourself
-: needs more resources

Question 16

Behavioral Measures Pros & Cons

Answer 16

+: possible in lab and natural setting, objective

-: link between behavior and personality trait may not be direct

Question 17

Multiple Method Approaches

Answer 17

Using mixture of multiple method to get most accurate personality assessment
-> improves construct validity

Question 18

Self-Knowledge of Personality

Answer 18

Accuracy of self-perception about how one typically thinks, feels, and behaves

• > also awareness about how those patterns are interpreted by others
• > subject to biases

Question 19

Meta-accuracy

Answer 19

Correspondence between people’s beliefs about the impressions they make (meta-perception) and others’ actual impressions
-> slightly more valid than own beliefs about oneself

Question 20

Accuracy of people’s self-knowledge

Answer 20

People have moderately accurate self-perceptions: do not lack any self-knowledge entirely, but also not totally accurate

Question 21

Generalized meta-accuracy

Answer 21

People’s awareness of their reputation

Question 22

Dyadic meta-accuracy

Answer 22

People’s awareness of the impressions they make on specific individuals
-> requires greater social acuity

Question 23

Interactionist view

Answer 23

Assumes that people interact with their environment to make it suit them
-> e.g. some personality trait levels can be reasonably accurately inferred from own room (e.g. conscientiousness, openess)

Question 24

Electronically Active Recorder)

Answer 24

Records small audio snippet in certain time intervals
-> allows objective and unobtrusive insight into behavior
-> subtle signs can be recorded,
unobtrusive health indicators can be recorded
-> recordings can be reused (e.g. different experimenter)