taxonomy

Question 1

what is nomenclature

Answer 1

the naming of organisms according to established rules and guidlines. latinized names are most commonly used.

Question 2

what is classification

Answer 2

grouping together organisms that have similarmorphologic, physiologic, and genetic traits

Question 3

identification of an organism meaning

Answer 3

the process where an organism’s key features; phenotypic and genotypic features are described and portrayed precisely. Identification can be done down to the species, genus or family level

Question 4

role of taxonomy in diagnostic microbiology

Answer 4

• establishes and maintains records of key characteristics, traits like symptoms, virulence, strains etc of clinically relevant micro organisms
• facilitates in communication between different fields and countries by assigning universally understood names.

this sharing of documented knowledge can lead to
-establishing association between organism and syndrome/disease/condition
- understand how to manage and the outcome of the disease
- recognize new and emerging organisms, and strains and overall changes in types of infections and diseases
-develop new techniques for identification, detection, prevention and medication

Question 4

role of taxonomy in diagnostic microbiology

Answer 4

• establishes and maintains records of key characteristics, traits like symptoms, virulence, strains etc of clinically relevant micro organisms
• facilitates in communication between different fields and countries by assigning universally understood names.

this sharing of documented knowledge can lead to
-establishing association between organism and syndrome/disease/condition
- understand how to manage and the outcome of the disease
- recognize new and emerging organisms, and strains and overall changes in types of infections and diseases
-develop new techniques for identification, detection, prevention and medication

Question 5

phenotypic criteria for identification

Answer 5

• macroscopic morphology
  microscopic morphology
  staining characteristics
  antigenic properties
  resistance profiles
  nutritional and environmental requirements

Question 6

3 principles for why bacterial cultivation is carried out

Answer 6

• obtain sufficient growth of cliniclaly relevant bacteria for identification and characterization
• determine which of the bacteria in the specimen is most likely causing infection, contaminants and colonizers
• grow and isolate bacteria present in specimen

Question 7

types of media:

Answer 7

seperated by consistency: solid, semi solid and liquid
seperated by chemical composition: basal, enriched, selective, differential, transport, storage

Question 8

uses of different types of media

Answer 8

basal -enough for non fastiduous bacteria
enriches- basal w/ more nutrients
selective: eliminates variety of microorganisms that risde on sampling site, (irrelevant , large nos) like commensal bacteria. Has inhibitory agent that goes against growth of irrelevant bacteria.

differential: differentiates closely related organisms by colour; using dyes and chemicals, organism will produce characteristic hcanges in colour.

transport: allows for viability but not replication in case of transport is necessary

storage: retain their properties (usually liquid)