phylogeny
the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
hierarchal classification
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
3 domaines
archaea
bacteria
eukarya
homology
similarity due to shared ancestry
analogy
similarities due due convergent evolution, structures modified for need
AKA homoplasies
clade
a group of species that includes an ancestral species and its descendants
types of clades
monophyletic
paraphyletic
ployphyletic