Taxonomy

Question 1

taxonomy

Answer 1

• the science of classification and the nomenclature used
• takes into account anatomical and structural characteristics, modes of excretion, movement, and digestion, genetic makeup, and biochemical characteristics

Question 2

Domains

Answer 2

Archaea, Bacteria, and Fungi

Question 3

Six Kingdoms

Answer 3

Archaea, Eubacteria, Protista, Plantae, and Animalia

Question 4

Monera

Answer 4

• prokaryotes (ex: bacteria)

- lack a nucleus or any membrane-bound organelle and are single-celled organisms that reproduce asexually

Question 5

Eubacteria

Answer 5

• generally single-celled prokaryotes with a single double-stranded circular loop of DNA that is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane
• morphological appearances: cocci (round), bacilli (rods), and spirilla (spiral)

Question 6

Cyanobacteria

Answer 6

• live primarily in fresh water but also exist in marine environments
• cell wall and photosynthetic pigments but have no flagella, true nuclei, chloroplasts, or mitochondria
• can withstand extreme temperatures

Question 7

Archaea

Answer 7

• prokaryotes, and often have cell walls and flagella

- have cell membranes that compose of glycerolether lipids

Question 8

Protista

Answer 8

• contains primitive eukaryotic organisms with membrane-bound nuclei and organelles
• either single cells or colonies of similar cells with no differentiation of specialized tissues

Question 9

Protozoa

Answer 9

• single-celled organisms that are heterotrophic and in some ways are similar to litle animals
• rhizopods move with cellular extensions called pseudopods
• the ciliophors have cilia that are used for feeding and locomotion

Question 10

Algae

Answer 10

-primarily photosynthetic organisms

Question 11

Slime Molds

Answer 11

• arranged in coenocytic (many nuclei) mass of protoplasm

- reproduce asexually by sporulation

Question 12

Fungi

Answer 12

• nonphotosynthetic plants
• cell walls are composed of chitin and not cellulose
• eukaryotes and primarily multicellular
• heterotrophs
• may be saprophytic (decomposing dead organic material) or parasitic (extracting nutrients from their hosts)
• reproduce by asexual sporulation

Question 13

Plantae

Answer 13

• includes multicellular organisms that exhibit differentiation of tissues and are nonmotile photosynthetic
• known as autotrophs
• contain chloroplasts for the manufacture of carbohydrates

Question 14

Bryophytes

Answer 14

• simple plants with few specialized organs and tissues
• lack xylem that functions as support in tracheophytes and retain flagellated sperm cells that must swim to the eggs
• live in moist places
• undergo alternation of generations
• gametophyte is the dominant generation
• sporophytes is smaller and shorter-lived, growing off the gametophyte from the archegonium

Question 15

Tracheophytes

Answer 15

• vascular plants that are complex with a great degree of differentiation
• contain vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)
• anchored by deep roots
• grow to great heights

Question 16

Non-seed-bearing

Answer 16

pteriodphyta and lycophyta

Question 17

Pterophytes

Answer 17

• ex: fern

- grow from an underground stem called the rhizone and contain large leaves that possess many vascular bundles

Question 18

Lycophytes

Answer 18

• belong to an ancient subdivision known as lycopodiophyta

- the have roots, are nonwoody, and contain microphyll leaves

Question 19

Angiosperms

Answer 19

• members of the division Angiospermae, which contains the greatest number of different plant species of all the extant plant divisions
• have covered seeds are the most abundant of all plants
• have flowers

Question 20

Dicotyledons (dicots)

Answer 20

• angiosperms with net-veined leaves and vascular bundles around a ring within the central cylinder
• contain two cotyledons (seed leaves) within the seed

Question 21

Monocotyledons

Answer 21

-angiosperms that contain leaves with parallel veins, scattered vascular bundles, and seeds with single cotyledons

Question 22

Gymnosperms

Answer 22

• naked-seeded plants
• grow in diameter and length and are woody
• most are evergreens

Question 23

Conifers

Answer 23

• make up the largest grouping of gymnosperms

- have cones, spiral clusters of modified leaves

Question 24

Animalia

Answer 24

• contains multicellular, generally motile, heterotrophic organisms that have differentiated tissues
• ingest bulk foods, digest them, and then eliminate the remains
• most have bilateral symmetry