taxonomy and classification Flashcards by Isabella Reid

define taxonomy

the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms into groups

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define a species

2 organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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what is courtship behaviour

organisms interacting to engage in successful mating
- dances
- noises

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what is a phylogenic classification system

arranging species into groups based on their evolutionary orgigns and relationships

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describe the hierarchy used in a phylogenic classification

smaller groups are places within larger groups with no overlap within groups

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what is in the hierarchy order of the taxa
eg kingdom…

domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

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what is the acronym for the taxa

d
king
prawn
curry
over
fat
greasy
sausages

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what is binomial naming system

genus then species
eg Homo sapiens

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what are the two main ways organisms are based into groups

morphology - how it looks
molecular phylogeny - the sequence of its genes

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what are some problems with classifying species 4

-species are genetically diverse
-some species can be reclassifies into two
-biologists often disagree about particular species
-new species can arise from existing species - species can change with time

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how is dna analysed

comparisons of DNA base sequences

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define Convergent

organisms look similar now because they live in similar environments but actually aren’t the same

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define Speciation

new species formed and then the two species cant reproduce fertile offspring

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reasons for courtship behaviour

recognise their own species
identify opposite sex
to form a pair bond
showing fertility

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define artificial classification

using colour, size number of legs etc
using analogous characteristics
same function but not same evolutionary origins

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define generic name

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genus organism belongs to

define specific name

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species which organism belongs to

define phylogenetic classification

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name based on evolutionary relationships
based on shared features between organisms and their ancestors

how to use biological molecules to see if 2 species are related (not immunological evidence)

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compare dna sequences
compare protein sequences

describe how immunological evidence can be used to determine if 2 species are related

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inject protein from one species into another organism
obtain antibodies
add proteins from other species
amount of precipitate indicates relationship

Inject antibodies made against a protein (e.g., haemoglobin) from species A into samples from species B.
If the protein in species B is similar, the antibodies will bind strongly.
The greater the antibody-antigen binding, the more closely related the species are.
Weak or little binding suggests the proteins are different, so the species are less closely related