Teaching and Learning

Question 1

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

What are the 4 needs?

Answer 1

an idea that there is a hierarchy of biogenic and psychogenic needs that an individual must progress through starting at the bottom and gradually working up to the top

• Physiological needs (basics like food, water, and shelter)
• Affiliative Needs (need for security, stability, and a safe environment)
• Esteem Needs (the need to feel good about oneself and one’s capabilities, to be respected by others, and to receive recognition and appreciation)
• Self-Actualization Needs (the need to realize one’s full potential as a person)

Question 2

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 2

a process where learning occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is repeatedly preceded by a neutral stimulus

an example is Pavlov’s Dogs where the bell is the neutral stimulus and food is the unconditioned stimulus

Question 3

What is Operant Conditioning?

What are the 4 major consequences?

Answer 3

learning occurs when an individual engages in specific behaviors in order to receive certain consequences

• Positive Reinforcement (desirable consequences for a specific behavior)
• Negative Reinforcement (removing undesirable consequences for a specific task)
• Extinction (removing selected variables that reinforce a specific behavior)
• Punishment (giving negative consequences for undesirable behaviors)

Question 4

What is continuous reinforcement?

What is partial reinforcement?

Answer 4

a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs

behavior is reinforced intermittently

Question 5

What is a fixed interval schedule for reinforcement?

Variable-interval schedule?

Answer 5

period of time between the occurrences of each instance of reinforcement is fixed or set

amount of time between reinforcements varies around a constant average

Question 6

What is the affective domain of learning?

What are the specific levels of this domain?

Answer 6

domain primarily concerned with attitudes, values, and emotion

5 specific levels include:

• receiving
• responding
• valuing
• organization
• characterization

Question 7

What is the Cognitive Domain of learning?

What are the specific levels of this domain?

Answer 7

Domain concerned with knowledge and understanding

6 specific levels are:

• knowledge
• comprehension
• application
• analysis
• synthesis
• evaluation

Question 8

What is the Psychomotor Domain of learning?

What are the specific levels of this domain?

Answer 8

Domain concerned with physical action or motor skill

7 specific levels are:

• perception
• set
• guided response
• mechanism
• complex overt response
• adaptation
• origination

Question 9

What are the teaching guidelines for the infant/child population?

Answer 9

• therapy should be interactive
• short sessions with structured play
• frequent breaks and a lot of positive reinforcement

Question 10

What are the teaching guidelines for the adolescent population?

Answer 10

• assume the role of advocate
• build trust and incorporate patient goals
• treat them like adults and try to limit parent involvement when communicating with them
• provide clear and concise instructions

Question 11

What are the teaching guidelines for the Elderly population?

Answer 11

• introduce new information gradually
• identify any communication loss such as hearing or visual impairments
• try to incorporate some group work to build social connection
• be patient as progress may be slow and comprehension of new material may be too

Question 12

What are the teaching guidelines for the terminally ill population?

Answer 12

• patient goals are integral component of therapy
• encourage family involvement but respect the patient as an individual
• maximize function, safety, and comfort
• alter communication based on patient’s ability to communicate

Question 13

What are the 5 stages of dying?

Answer 13

• Denial
• Anger
• Bargaining
• Depression
• Acceptance

Question 14

What is a unidisciplinary team model for care?

What is a multidisciplinary team model for care?

Answer 14

single discipline provide patient care services

many disciplines are involved in patient care working independently to achieve a common goal for the patient and most communication is via medical record

Question 15

What is an interdisciplinary team model for care?

Answer 15

many different disciplines involved with patient care which all functionally independently but routinely report to each other and may coordinate patient care

Question 16

What is a transdisciplinary team model for care?

Answer 16

numerous disciplines function as a collective unit to provide patient care services, team goals are established not just individual goals for each discipline and boundaries between disciplines tend to erode